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Midterm anatomy exci 254 > Lecture 9 - Spinal cord > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

End-point of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

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2
Q

Within the spinal cord are 2 enlargements

A

Cervical and lumbar enlargement

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3
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

From which the brachial plexus is formed

Innervates the upper extremities (C5-T1)

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4
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

From which the lumbar plexus is formed

Innervates the lower extremities (L1-S4)

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5
Q

The spinal cord is practically divided into R/L halves by depressions called the:

A

Anterior (ventral) median fissure

Posterior (dorsal) median sulcus

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6
Q

Center of grey matter

A

Central canal

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7
Q

Central canal (3 things)

A

Continuous the length of the spinal cord
Continuous with the 4th ventricle of the brain
Filled with CSF

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8
Q

surrounding the H-form on all sides are areas of ___ matter

A

White

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9
Q

Equivalent of schwann cells of the PNS in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

Tracts (2)

A

Ascending tracts

Descending tracts

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11
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Sensory facts/afferent

Relay impulses from the periphery or spinal levels to the brain

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12
Q

Descending tracts

A

Motor tracts/efferent

Relay impulses from the brain to different spinal levels and the periphery

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13
Q

the grey commissure (H) has a pair of horns, name them

A 
2 anterior (ventral) horns
2 posterior (dorsal) horns
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14
Q

Only found in T-spine and upper L-spine

A

Lateral horns

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15
Q

The group of nerve fibers which enter the Dorsal Horn are called + content

A 
Dorsal roots
Sensory information (no disregard from location)
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16
Q

The group of nerve fibers which enter the Ventral horn are called + content

A

Ventral roots

Motor information

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17
Q

Contains sensory neurons

Their cell bodies lie outside the s.c. in the intervertebral foramen and are called ?

A

Dorsal roots

? = dorsal root ganglia or spinal ganglia

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18
Q

Contains axons of motor neurons

Cell bodies are contained within the anterior and lateral horns

A

Ventral roots

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19
Q

The dorsal and ventral roots come together to form what?

A

The spinal nerve

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20
Q

Spinal nerve exits where?

A

Through the intervertebral foramen

21
Q

The spinal nerve divides into

A

Dorsal and ventral rami

22
Q

Supplies the deep vertebral muscles and skin of the back

A

Dorsal rami

23
Q

Supplies all the ventral and lateral musculature

A

Ventral rami

24
Q

Spinal nerves are mixed, only sensory, or only motor

A

Mixed

25
Q

There are __ pairs of nerves + elaborate

A

31

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

26
Q

Role of meninges

A
  • Protect the brain and spinal cord
  • Form the supporting framework for arteries, veins and venous sinuses
  • Encloses the subarachnoid space for the circulation of CSF
27
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater

28
Q

Dura mater

A

Diaphragm Sellae

29
Q

Arachnoid

A

Subarachnoid space contains CSF

30
Q

Pia mater

A

Denticulate ligaments

31
Q

All three layers cover the spinal nerves until they exit through the _____ _____

A

Intervertebral foramina

32
Q

Specialized nerve endings

A

Free nerve endings (bare dendrites)

Encapsulated sensory endings (enclosed dendrites)

33
Q
  • They branch between epithelial cells, connective cells, muscle cells, etc.
  • Are thought to act primarily as pain receptors of the body
  • Also act as tickle, itch and thermal, and touch receptors
A

Free nerve endings

34
Q
  • They are surrounded by connective tissue capsules

- There are 6 in total

A

Encapsulated sensory endings

35
Q

Types of encapsulated sensory endings

A 
Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
End bulbs of Krause
Ruffini corpuscles
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
36
Q

Surrounds spinal ending of a dendrite
Sensitive to light touch, pressure, and slow vibrations
Rapidly adapting
Found in the skin, mucous membrane of the tongue, and other sensitive regions of the body

A

Meissner corpuscles - very superficially located

37
Q

Located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, submucosa, joints, periosteum, and some viscera
Adapt rapidly
Stimulated by heavy pressure, fast vibrations, tickling

A

Pacinian corpuscles (located deeper)

38
Q

Located in the mucous of the lips, tongue, conjunctiva, external genitalia
Common throughout the body (dermis of skin)
Serve as cold receptors

A

End-bulbs of Krause

39
Q

Located in subcutaneous tissue, ligaments, tendons
Slow adapting
Respond to stretching of the skin (joint positioning, balance, posture, equilibrium, proprioception)

A

Ruffini corpuscles

40
Q

Location of muscle spindles

A

Skeletal muscle

41
Q

React to change in length

A

Muscle spindles

42
Q

Response to stretching of the muscles by the muscles spindles

A

Stimulation of the efferent (motor) neurons to the same muscle that contracts it (stretch is reflexively resisted)/

43
Q

Composition of golgi tendon organs

A

Dendrites that have many branches on the muscle tendon junction

44
Q

React to muscle tension

A

Golgi tendon organs

45
Q

Response of the golgi tendon orgnas

A

Stimulus will go back to the s.c. where the motor neurons to the same muscles are inhibited, thus relaxing the muscle

46
Q

All spinal nerves are CUTANEOUS except ___ (innervate the skin)

A

C1

47
Q

Dermatomes (3 things)

A

Important diagnostic technique
Each spinal nerve innervates a segmental field of skin
Generally there is a specific area for each of dermatomes (but considerable overlap)

48
Q

Reflexes (3)

A

Cranial reflexes
Somatic reflexes
Autonomic reflexes

49
Q

Reflex arc

A 
Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron
Integrating center
Motor neuron
Effector

Midterm anatomy exci 254 (8 decks)

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