Lecture 5 - Nervous system

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Functional unit of nervous system

Question 2

Sensory neuron

Answer 2

Afferent

Question 3

Motor neuron

Answer 3

Efferent

Question 4

Soma

Answer 4

Cell body

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Input receiving portion

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Long extension that carries information

Question 7

Action potential

Answer 7

Electrical signal

Question 8

Neural or glial cells

Answer 8

Glue that holds all the neurons together - protecting nervous tissue

Question 9

Somatic

Answer 9

conscious/voluntary awareness

Question 10

Visceral

Answer 10

Sensation/response that we are not responsible for

Unconscious/involuntary

Question 11

Functions of the NS (3)

Answer 11

Sensory function
Integrative function
Motor function

Question 12

Sensory function (3)

Answer 12

Detect internal stimuli
Detect external stimuli
Carry information to the brain via sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 13

Integrative function (3)

Answer 13

Processing of sensory information
Analyzing and making decisions regarding appropriate responses
Neurons which serve this function are called “interneurons”

Question 14

Motor function (3)

Answer 14

Responding to integration decision
Neurons that serve this function are motor (efferent) neurons
Carry information out of the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Central nervous system (6)

Answer 15

• Brain and spinal cord
• Control center for the entire NS
• Processing and integrating of sensory information
• Planning and coordinating responses to stimuli
• Providing short term control over activities of other systems
• Immediate response

Question 16

Peripheral nervous system (5)

Answer 16

• Neural tissue outside the CNS
• Links CNS with sense organs and other systems
• Nerves have an afferent and efferent division
• Cranial nerves (emerging from brain)
• Spinal nerves (emerging from spinal cord)

Question 17

2 subdivisions of the PNS

Answer 17

SNS = somatic nervous system
ANS = autonomic nervous system

Question 18

Somatic nervous system (3)

Answer 18

• Controls skeletal muscle contraction
• Sensory neurons convey information from cutaneous and special sense receptors primarily in the head, body wall and extremities
• Motor neurons from the CNS conduct impulses to skeletal muscles only

Question 19

T or F: somatic pathway is only one motor neuron

Answer 19

TRUE

Axon as long as the location it’s going to

Question 20

Autonomic nervous system (3)

Answer 20

• Control visceral functions
• Regulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
• Outside of our conscious control (involuntary)

Question 21

T or F: motor pathway will always contain 2 neurons in series

Answer 21

TRUE

between the spinal cord and the end point

Question 22

Sensory neurons convey homeostatic information from ______ ______ _____ _____ … to ____ ___ ___

Answer 22

Receptors primarily in the viscera to the CNS

Question 23

Motor neurons conduct impulses to ____ ____ ____

Answer 23

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 24

Motor portion consists of 2 pathways

Answer 24

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 25

2 main types of cells in the NS

Answer 25

Neurons

Neuroganglia

Question 26

Neuron (role)

Answer 26

Nerve impulse conduction

Question 27

Neuroglia (role)

Answer 27

Support and protect the NS

Question 28

Multipolar neuron

Answer 28

Several extensions branching out of cell body

Question 29

Bipolar neuron

Answer 29

Two extensions coming out of the cell body

Question 30

Unipolar neuron

Answer 30

One extension coming out of the cell body (input & output)

Question 31

Types of neuroglia in the CNS (4)

Answer 31

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 32

Types of neuroglia in the PNS (2)

Answer 32

Satellite cells

Schwann cells