Lecture 10 - ANS

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system consists of: (4)

Answer 1

1. Autonomic sensory neurons
2. Integrating centers
3. Autonomic motor neurons
4. Enteric division

Question 2

Autonomic sensory neurons are found where

Answer 2

In visceral organs & blood vessels

Question 3

Integrating centers are found where

Answer 3

In the CNS

Question 4

Autonomic motor neurons do what

Answer 4

Propagate from CNS to various effector tissues

Question 5

Enteric division is what

Answer 5

Specialized network found within walls of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 6

The visceral afferent and visceral efferent fibers travel ____

Answer 6

Together

Question 7

Afferent component

Answer 7

autonomic reflexes and pain fibers

Question 8

Efferent component

Answer 8

regulation of visceral function

2 motor neurons in series (myelinated + unmyelinated)

Question 9

Visceral efferent pathway of the PNS (3)

Answer 9

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Glands

Question 10

Smooth muscle effect

Answer 10

Contract/relax

Question 11

Cardiac muscles effect

Answer 11

Increase or decrease rate/force of contraction

Question 12

Glands effect

Answer 12

Increase or decrease secretions

Question 13

ANS is organized into (3)

Answer 13

Nerves, ganglia, plexuses

Question 14

Ganglia

Answer 14

Bundle of cell bodies

Question 15

Plexuses

Answer 15

Bundle of ganglia

Question 16

ANS is divided into 2 systems or divisions

Answer 16

1. Sympathetic division

2. Parasympathetic division

Question 17

Another name for sympathetic division + what nerves

Answer 17

Thoracolumbar

T1 to L2

Question 18

Another name for parasympathetic division + what nerves

Answer 18

Craniosacral

CN III, CN VII, CN IX & CN X + S2, S3, S4

Question 19

Explain the visceral efferent pathway in 3 steps

Answer 19

Neurons are mainly in lateral grey bodies with some anterior horn
They pass through the PREGANGLIONIC NEURON to synapse in the AUTONOMIC GANGLION
They then pass through to the POSTGANGLIONIC NEURON to the EFFECTOR

Question 20

All the pre-ganglionic neurons release

Answer 20

Acetylcholine

Question 21

The synapse of the preganglionic neurons (fibers) with another visceral efferent neuron occurs where

Answer 21

In the autonomic ganglia

Question 22

There are 3 locations of ganglia

Answer 22

1. Sympathetic trunk (chain)
2. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglion
3. Terminal (intramural) ganglion

Question 23

Which location is only for parasympathetic division

Answer 23

Terminal (intramural) ganglion

Question 24

Location of the sympathetic trunk

Answer 24

Closely on each side of the vertebral column, parallel to it

Question 25

Location of the prevertebral (collateral) ganglion

Answer 25

Anterior to the large abdominal arteries

Question 26

The prevertebral ganglion take their names from these arteries

Answer 26

``` Celiac ganglion (celiac artery) Superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion (artery) ```

Question 27

Both the sympathetic trunk and the prevertebral ganglia receive their preganglionic fibers from the ________ division of the ANS

Answer 27

Thoracolumbar (sympathetic

Question 28

Location of the terminal (intramural) ganglion

Answer 28

Very close to, or in the visceral effectors (smooth/cardiac muscle or glands)

Question 29

The terminal ganglia receives preganglionic fibers directly from the ______ division of the ANS

Answer 29

Craniosacral/parasympathetic

Question 30

T or F: all ganglia receive preganglionic neurons/fibers

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

The preganglionic fibers have their cell bodies located where

Answer 31

In the lateral grey horns of the spinal cord

Question 32

The autonomic efferent fibers leave by the ____ ____ of the spinal nerve accompanying the somatic efferent fibers

Answer 32

Ventral root

Question 33

Sympathetic division - preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic trunk/chain by way of the ____ ____ ____

Answer 33

White Rami Communicans

Question 34

2 options to synapse for the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division

Answer 34

1. synapse in the chain | 2. go up or down to another level to synapse with the postganglionic neuron

Question 35

T or F: one preganglionic neuron can have an influence up to 20 postganglionic neurons

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Sympathetic division - after the synapse, the postganglionic fibers enters the ___ ___ of the spinal nerve by way of the ___ ____ ___

Answer 36

Ventral rami | Grey Rami communicans

Question 37

Where is synapse if not in the chain for sympathetic division

Answer 37

Pass right through it and later synapse in the prevertebral ganglia

Question 38

These presynaptic nerves are found below the diagram

Answer 38

Splanchnic nerves

Question 39

Celiac plexus (3)

Answer 39

Also known as the solar plexus Is comprised of the paired celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia and other smaller ganglia It lies in the anterior aorta at the origin of the celiac artery

Question 40

All presynaptic neurons (parasympathetic) synapse in the ____ ____

Answer 40

Terminal ganglia

Question 41

S-ANS: postganglionic fibers release ____ | Called ____ fibers

Answer 41

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | Adrenergic

Question 42

Norepinephrine will increase or decrease the activities of the organs

Answer 42

INCREASE

Question 43

Prepares the individual for emergency situations - fight or fly

Answer 43

Sympathetic division

Question 44

Effect of sympathetic on body (3)

Answer 44

Increase HR, aggression, adrenaline production Increase blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscles (vasodilation) Non essential organs = vasoconstriction

Question 45

PS-ANS: postganglionic fibers release ____ | Called ____ fibers

Answer 45

Acetylcholine (ACH) | Cholinergic

Question 46

Maintains the organs lever of activity to pressure (homeostasis - balance of bodily functions)

Answer 46

Parasympathetic division

Question 47

In stressful situations, ____ divisions are dominant

Answer 47

Sympathetic

Question 48

In non-stressful situations, ____ division is dominant

Answer 48

Parasympathetic

Question 49

T or F: if the synapse occurs in the chain, it means the effector is below the diaphragm

Answer 49

FALSE, above the diaphragm

Question 50

In the spinal cord, where do we find the cell bodies of motor neurons associated with the SNS?

Answer 50

Anterior grey horns