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Midterm anatomy exci 254 > Lecture 6 - CNS brain > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - CNS brain Flashcards

1
Q

Gyri and Sulci _____ the surface area of the brain

A

Increase

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2
Q

2 main gyri

A

Pre-central gyrus

Post-central gyrus

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3
Q

Pre-central gyrus

A

Immediately anterior to the central sulcus
Motor cortex
The tracts that leave here descend (pyramidal tracts or corticospinal tracts)

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4
Q

Post-central gyrus

A

Immediately posterior to the central gyrus
Sensory cortex
Spinothalamic tracts and spinocerebellar tracts

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5
Q

Major fissures of the brain (4)

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Transverse fissure
Lateral sulci/fissure
Central sulcus

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6
Q

Separates partially two cerebral hemispheres
Deep sulcus
Occupied by the falx cerebri which is a double-folded dura mater membrane

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

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7
Q

Lies between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum

Dural membrane, tentorium cerebelli, lies here

A

Transverse fissure

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8
Q

Dural extension that separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres is called the ____ ____

A

Falx cerebelli

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9
Q

In embryo, a neural tube is formed from which 3 cavities or sections will develop?

A
  1. Prosencephalon (forebrain) = telencephalon, diencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) = metencephalon, myelencephalon
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10
Q

Cerebrum (4)

A
  • Part of prosencephalon (telencephalon)
  • Divided in the sagittal plane into two halves: the right and the left hemisphere
  • Each hemisphere controls activities of the opposite side of the body
  • Hemispheres are mirror images of one another in many ways but there are functional distinctions
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11
Q

In most people, development and use of language are located in the ____ hemisphere

A

Left

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12
Q

Areas that govern three-dimensional visualization and artistic creations are located in the ___ hemisphere

A

Right

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13
Q

4 lobes of the hemisphere

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

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14
Q

A 5th lobe lies deep to the cortex and medial to the temporal lobe

A

Insula

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15
Q

Grey matter: location and content

A 
Cerebral cortex (conscious mind)
Unmyelinated (axons)
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16
Q

White matter : content

A

Myelinated axons

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17
Q

The internal white matter contains myelinated fibers (tracts) extending in 3 major directions

A
  • Commissural tracts
  • Association tracts
  • Projection tracts
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18
Q

Commissural tracts

A

Link the 2 sides (left and right)

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19
Q

Association tracts

A

Connects 2 different parts of the same region

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20
Q

Projection tracts

A

Connecting 2 different regions

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21
Q

3 structures of the basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus
Amygdala
Lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, putamen)

22
Q

Basal ganglia (3)

A
  • Relay station for motor impulses
  • Control large unconscious (autonomic) movements of skeletal muscles
  • Control initiation, termination and intensity
23
Q

2 prominent structures of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

24
Q

2 endocrine glands of the diencephalon

A

Pineal gland

Pituitary gland

25
Q

Thalamus (6)

A

Two masses of grey matter
Connected by intermediate mass
Surrounds 3rd ventricle

Principle relay station for sensory (afferent) impulses travelling to cerebral cortex
Also relay for involuntary motor (efferent) impulses travelling outward
Early conscious recognition of sensations related to survival

26
Q

Forms part of the roof of the 3rd ventricle

Secretes at least one hormone, melatonin, but its function remains in doubt

A

Pineal gland

27
Q

Hypothalamus (4)

A

Lies below thalamus
Partially housed in the sella turcica (well protected)
Controls many involuntary body activities
Control center of the ANS

28
Q

6 main functions of the hypothalamus

A
  1. control of the ANS
  2. production of hormones (oxytocin, ADH)
  3. regulation of emotional & behavioral patterns
  4. regulation of eating and drinking
  5. control of body/blood temperature
  6. regulation of awakening and sleep patterns
29
Q

Projections from the hypothalamus include

A 
Mammillary bodies
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
30
Q

Mammillary bodies (2)

A

Lie at the base of the brain & hypothalamus-2 round masses

Associated with smell

31
Q

Pituitary gland (3)

A

Extends from mammillary bodies
Tuber cinerium
Pituitary stalk

32
Q

Midbrain/mesencephalon

A

Between diencephalon and pons
Cerebral peduncles
Corpora quadrigeminna (sup & inf colliculi)

33
Q

Superior colliculi associates with

A

Sight

34
Q

Inferior colliculi associates with

A

Hearing

35
Q

Rhombencephalon (hinbrain) is divided in two parts

A
  • Metencephalon

- Myelencephalon

36
Q

Metencephalon (content)

A

Pons and cerebellum

37
Q

Myelencephalon (content)

A

Medulla oblongata

38
Q

Pons - “bridge”

A

Consists of white matter and scattered masses of nuclei (grey matter)
Connection between the spinal cord and brain as well as parts of the brain with each other
Associated with CN V, VI, VII, VIII

39
Q

Cerebellum (content)

A
  • Two hemispheres
  • Cerebellar cortex
  • Arbor vitae
40
Q

Cerebellum (characteristics)

A

“Automatic pilot” for motor responses
Cerebellar peduncles
MAIN REGION FOR POSTURE AND BALANCE

41
Q

Carry sensory information from sensory organs in muscles, joints and the inner ear
Enable brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance
Coordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum

A

Cerebellar peduncles

42
Q

Inferior to pons, extends down until s.c
Outside- white matter, inside - grey matter
White matter consists of all ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve fibers extending between brain and spinal cord
Pyramids
Gray matter - reflex centers play a role in visceral reflexes, consciousness and arousal

A

Medulla oblongata

43
Q

Medulla oblongata is associated with which nerves?

A

CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

44
Q

3 reflex centers

A

Cardiac center
Vasomotor center
Respiratory center

45
Q

3 things that protect the brain

A

Skull, CSF, Meninges

46
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid layer
Dura mater

47
Q

Similar to spider web

A

Arachnoid layer

48
Q

Tough mother

A

Dura mater

49
Q

Gentle mother

A

Pia mater

50
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (characteristics)

A
  • Produced within ventricles
  • Foramen of Monroe (interventricular foramen)
  • Cerebral aqueduct
51
Q

CSF is formed by _____ ____

A

Filtration of blood plasma through dense networks of capillaries called choroid plexus (CP)

52
Q

Capillary wall of the CP and supporting neuroglia form part of ______ ____ _____

A

Blood brain barrier (BBB)

Midterm anatomy exci 254 (8 decks)

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