Lecture 4 - Facial muscles

Question 1

Parts of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

Sweat and sebaceous gland, abundant arterial supply, good venous and lymphatic drainage

Question 3

Connective tissue

Answer 3

Highly vascularized subcutaneous layer, well supplied with nerves

Question 4

Aponeurosis

Answer 4

Strong tendinous sheet

Question 5

Loose areolar tissue

Answer 5

Sponge-like, allows movement of 1st three layers

Question 6

Pericranium

Answer 6

Forms external periosteum of calvaria

Question 7

Muscles of facial expression (5)

Answer 7

• Provide us with the ability to express a wide variety of emotions
• Lie within the layers of superficial fascia
• Usually originate in fascia or bones of the skull
• Usually insert into the skin
• Most important are those surrounding orifices of the head

Question 8

Glosso

Answer 8

Tongue

Question 9

Labi

Answer 9

Lip

Question 10

Genio

Answer 10

Chin

Question 11

Mylo

Answer 11

Mandible

Question 12

Occuli

Answer 12

Eye

Question 13

Oris

Answer 13

Mouth

Question 14

Sterno

Answer 14

Sternum

Question 15

Stylo

Answer 15

Styloid process

Question 16

Hyo

Answer 16

Hyoid bone

Question 17

Omo

Answer 17

Scapula (omoplate)

Question 18

Frontalis m. action

Answer 18

Raises eyebrows

Wrinkles the skin of the forehead horizontally

Question 19

Occipitalis m. action

Answer 19

Draws scalp posterior

Question 20

Orbicularis oris m. action

Answer 20

“kissing muscle”

Closes and protrudes lips

Question 21

Zygomaticus major m. action

Answer 21

Draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally, as in smiling or laughing
Both raise the angle of the mouth

Question 22

Zygomaticus minor m. action

Answer 22

Elevates upper lip, exposing maxillary teeth

Question 23

Levator anguli oris m. action

Answer 23

Pulls the angle of the mouth upward

Question 24

Levator labii superioris m. action

Answer 24

Elevates upper lip

Dilates the nares (nostrils)

Question 25

Depressor labii inferioris m. action

Answer 25

Pulls the lower lip downward

Question 26

Depressor anguli oris m. action

Answer 26

Pulls the angle of the mouth downward and laterally

Question 27

Buccinator m. action

Answer 27

Compresses cheek (whistling, blowing, and sucking) Pulls corner of mouth laterally Assists in mastication by keeping food between teeth

Question 28

Mentallis m. action

Answer 28

Elevates and protrudes lower lip and wrinkles the skin of the chin up (pouting)

Question 29

Risorius m. action

Answer 29

Draws angle of mouth backwards laterally, as in tenseness

Question 30

Platysma m. action

Answer 30

Depresses the mandible Draws the angle of the mouth downward Wrinkles the skin of the neck

Question 31

Orbicularis oculi m. action

Answer 31

Closes the eyelid | Tightens the skin of the forehead

Question 32

Corrugator m. action

Answer 32

Draws eyebrows together as in frowning

Question 33

Procerus m. action

Answer 33

Wrinkles the skin between the eyebrows

Question 34

2 parts of orbicularis oculi

Answer 34

Palpabre and orbitale

Question 35

Muscles that move the mandible

Answer 35

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid

Question 36

Masseter m. action

Answer 36

Raises the mandible | Closing the jaw

Question 37

Temporalis m. action

Answer 37

Elevates and retracts mandible | Closing the jaw

Question 38

Medial pterygoid m. action

Answer 38

Elevates and protracts mandible and moves mandible from side to side (grinding) Closes the jaw

Question 39

Lateral pterygoid m. action

Answer 39

Opens and protrudes the mandible from side to side

Question 40

Muscles of the tongue

Answer 40

Genioglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus Hyoglossus

Question 41

Genioglossus m. action

Answer 41

Protracts, retracts and depresses the tongue

Question 42

Styloglossus m. action

Answer 42

Elevates tongue and draw it posteriorly (retracts)

Question 43

Palatoglossus m. action

Answer 43

Elevates posterior portion of tongue and draws soft palate down on tongue

Question 44

Hyoglossus m. action

Answer 44

Depresses tongue and draws its side downward

Question 45

Muscles of the floor of the oral cavity

Answer 45

Digastric Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid

Question 46

Digastric m. action + innervation

Answer 46

CN V, VII | Raises the hyoid bone and assists in opening the jaw (depresses mandible)

Question 47

Stylohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 47

CN VII | Elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly (raises and retracts)

Question 48

Mylohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 48

CN V | Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible

Question 49

Geniohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 49

CN XII | Pulls the hyoid anteriorly and superiorly

Question 50

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) m. action bilateral

Answer 50

Cervical spine flexion, extension of head and elevates sternum during forced inspiration

Question 51

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) m. action unilateral

Answer 51

Laterally flex to same side (side bend) and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle

Question 52

Extrinsic muscles of larynx (infrahyoid)

Answer 52

Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid

Question 53

Omohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 53

C1-C3 | Depresses and retracts hyoid bone

Question 54

Sternohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 54

C1-C3 | Depresses larynx and hyoid bone

Question 55

Sternothyroid m. action + innervation

Answer 55

C1-C3 | Depresses (pulls) thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 56

Thyrohyoid m. action + innervation

Answer 56

CN XII, C1 | Elevates thyroid cartilage and depresses hyoid bone