Lecture 9: Social Interactions And Social Disparity

Question 1

Types of social statuses

Answer 1

1. Achieved status: has to be earned
2. Ascribed status: status someone gets when born
3. Master status: override others

Question 2

Role conflict/strain/exit

Answer 2

1. Role conflict: when a person has trouble carrying 2+ roles
2. Role strain: when ppl struggle doing the multiple obligations that come w a certain role
3. Role exit: happens when someone gives up a role that was previously central to his identity and takes up a new role

Question 3

Types of groups

Answer 3

1. Primary groups: small, marked by close relationships
2. Secondary groups: impersonal large groups
3. In group: group a person identifies
4. Out group: group someone doesn’t identify with

Question 4

Types of groups

Answer 4

1. Primary groups: small, marked by close relationships
2. Secondary groups: impersonal large groups
3. In group: group a person identifies
4. Out group: group someone doesn’t identify with

Question 5

Dyads vs triads

Answer 5

1. Dyads: groups of 2
2. Triads: group of 3/more stable

Question 6

Formal organizations

Answer 6

1. Normative/voluntary organizations: formed during to shared interests of their members and benefit people in them in intangible ways (ex: Doctors Without Borders)
2. Coercive organizations: groups that ppl need to be forced into joining (ex: psych ward)
3. Utilitarian organizations: centered around achieving material rewards for their members (ex: uni)

Question 7

4 main attributes of bureaucracy

Answer 7

1. Hierarchy: a structure where some people are in charge of others
2. Division of labor: diff people in the organization do diff things
3. Impersonality: removal of feelings in a professional setting
4. Explicit rules: written rules that have formal punishments for breaking them

Question 8

Iron law of oligarchy

Answer 8

1. States that as time goes on, organizations tend to become less democratic and more oligarchic…meaning organizations power is concentrated in the hands of fewer people

Question 9

McDonaldization

Answer 9

1. Observation that more and more organizations are run according to principles that made McDonalds successful such as efficiency (quick), calculability, predictability and control

Question 10

Dramaturgy

Answer 10

1. Front stage self: how people behave when they know they are being watched (most impression management here)
2. Back stage self: how people behave when no ones watching
3. Says impression management is when people spend a lot of time and energy controlling how they come across to other people

Question 11

We are attracted to:

Answer 11

1. People we are in proximity to: explained by mere exposure effect
2. Ppl we are similar to

Question 12

Aggression

Answer 12

1. Men are more aggressive than women bc testosterone

Question 13

Frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 13

1. States people display aggression when they are prevented from accomplishing a goal
2. This aggression can be directed at the source or can be displaced onto someone else

Question 14

Relative deprivation hypothesis

Answer 14

1. States that people are more likely to become aggressive, hold prejudice views and discriminate against others when they believe they have been deprived of something they rightly deserve

Question 15

Ainsworth: strange situation procedure

Answer 15

1. Secure attachment: mother is home base
2. Anxious-ambivalent attachment: baby is anxious all the time
3. Avoidant attachment: babies font care about mother

Question 16

Parenting styles

Answer 16

1. Authoritative: demanding and passive … best parents
2. Permissive: deeply involved in child’s life…makes child risky
3. Authoritarian: strict/dont respond to needs: child is unhappy
4. Neglectful: dont care about kids: sad

Question 17

Altruism:

Answer 17

behaviour intended to help others w no benefit

Question 18

Empathy altruism hypothesis

Answer 18

1. States people are intrinsically motivated to be altruistic because of their capacity for empathy

Question 19

Social exchange theory

Answer 19

1. People are only altruistic if it benefits them

Question 20

Social support types

Answer 20

1. Tangible/instrumental support: material good or service
2. Emotional support: help in the form of concern
3. Informational support: give guidance or useful info
4. Companionship support: sense of belongings

Question 21

Types of foraging

Answer 21

1. Solitary foraging: when animals hunt for food on their own
2. Group foraging: when animals hunt for food in a group

Question 22

Strategies animals use to find mates

Answer 22

1. Assortative mating: mating pattern where animals choose mates that are more similar to them
2. Disassortative mating: animals choose mates that are more different to themselves
3. Random mating: allows hardy Weinberg eqm

Question 23

Evolutionary game theory

Answer 23

1. Examines how genes can cause game strategies to change over time
2. Uses altruism, morality etc.

Question 24

Factors than can cause altruistic behaviour

Answer 24

1. Kin selection: organism prefers survival or its relatives
2. Reciprocal altruism: being kind to expect smth in return
3. Costly signaling: organism uses signals to communicate that they have resources

Question 25

Discrimination vs prejudice

Answer 25

1. Discrimination: action
2. Prejudice: belief

Question 26

Social inequality

Answer 26

1. Unequal distribution of opportunities

Question 27

Social stratification

Answer 27

1. Separation of society into groups according to similarity in social standing

Question 28

Social standings

Answer 28

1. status: related to reputation and prestige
2. power:
   2a. authority (lawful use of power): traditional, legal-rational and charismatic
   2b. coercion (unlawful use of power)
   2c. social class

Question 29

Caste system

Answer 29

1. Strictly defines hierarchy of society … says position is inherited

Question 30

Class system

Answer 30

1. Fluidity between classes
   1a. Vertical movement: moving up or down within a class
   1b. Horizontal movement: staying in the same class but changing positions
   1c. Intragenerational mobility: movement within a class that takes place in a single generation
   1d. Intergenerational mobility: movement requires more than one generation

Question 31

Intersectionality

Answer 31

1. the acknowledgement that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and oppression:
   1a. Ex: being black and a female
2. SES can give someone privileges or disadvantages

Question 32

Social reproduction

Answer 32

1. Transmission of social inequality from one generation to another

Question 33

Poverty

Answer 33

1. Absolute: fixed/threat to survival
2. Relative: varying/threat of social exclusion

Question 34

Karl Marx

Answer 34

1. Argued poverty and class inequality could be reminded through violent political struggle
   1a. Class consciousness needs to occur first in the lower class

Question 35

Socioeconomic gradient in health

Answer 35

1. Ppl w wider SES have better health

Question 36

Webers ideal bureaucracy

Answer 36

1. Most formal operations select employees based on techniques qualifications

Question 37

Xenophobia

Answer 37

1. Fear to foreign cultures