Lecture 9: Social Interactions And Social Disparity Flashcards
1
Q
Types of social statuses
A
- Achieved status: has to be earned
- Ascribed status: status someone gets when born
- Master status: override others
2
Q
Role conflict/strain/exit
A
- Role conflict: when a person has trouble carrying 2+ roles
- Role strain: when ppl struggle doing the multiple obligations that come w a certain role
- Role exit: happens when someone gives up a role that was previously central to his identity and takes up a new role
3
Q
Types of groups
A
- Primary groups: small, marked by close relationships
- Secondary groups: impersonal large groups
- In group: group a person identifies
- Out group: group someone doesn’t identify with
4
Q
Types of groups
A
- Primary groups: small, marked by close relationships
- Secondary groups: impersonal large groups
- In group: group a person identifies
- Out group: group someone doesn’t identify with
5
Q
Dyads vs triads
A
- Dyads: groups of 2
- Triads: group of 3/more stable
6
Q
Formal organizations
A
- Normative/voluntary organizations: formed during to shared interests of their members and benefit people in them in intangible ways (ex: Doctors Without Borders)
- Coercive organizations: groups that ppl need to be forced into joining (ex: psych ward)
- Utilitarian organizations: centered around achieving material rewards for their members (ex: uni)
7
Q
4 main attributes of bureaucracy
A
- Hierarchy: a structure where some people are in charge of others
- Division of labor: diff people in the organization do diff things
- Impersonality: removal of feelings in a professional setting
- Explicit rules: written rules that have formal punishments for breaking them
8
Q
Iron law of oligarchy
A
- States that as time goes on, organizations tend to become less democratic and more oligarchic…meaning organizations power is concentrated in the hands of fewer people
9
Q
McDonaldization
A
- Observation that more and more organizations are run according to principles that made McDonalds successful such as efficiency (quick), calculability, predictability and control
10
Q
Dramaturgy
A
- Front stage self: how people behave when they know they are being watched (most impression management here)
- Back stage self: how people behave when no ones watching
- Says impression management is when people spend a lot of time and energy controlling how they come across to other people
11
Q
We are attracted to:
A
- People we are in proximity to: explained by mere exposure effect
- Ppl we are similar to
12
Q
Aggression
A
- Men are more aggressive than women bc testosterone
13
Q
Frustration aggression hypothesis
A
- States people display aggression when they are prevented from accomplishing a goal
- This aggression can be directed at the source or can be displaced onto someone else
14
Q
Relative deprivation hypothesis
A
- States that people are more likely to become aggressive, hold prejudice views and discriminate against others when they believe they have been deprived of something they rightly deserve
15
Q
Ainsworth: strange situation procedure
A
- Secure attachment: mother is home base
- Anxious-ambivalent attachment: baby is anxious all the time
- Avoidant attachment: babies font care about mother
16
Q
Parenting styles
A
- Authoritative: demanding and passive … best parents
- Permissive: deeply involved in child’s life…makes child risky
- Authoritarian: strict/dont respond to needs: child is unhappy
- Neglectful: dont care about kids: sad
17
Q
Altruism:
A
behaviour intended to help others w no benefit
18
Q
Empathy altruism hypothesis
A
- States people are intrinsically motivated to be altruistic because of their capacity for empathy
19
Q
Social exchange theory
A
- People are only altruistic if it benefits them
20
Q
Social support types
A
- Tangible/instrumental support: material good or service
- Emotional support: help in the form of concern
- Informational support: give guidance or useful info
- Companionship support: sense of belongings
21
Q
Types of foraging
A
- Solitary foraging: when animals hunt for food on their own
- Group foraging: when animals hunt for food in a group
22
Q
Strategies animals use to find mates
A
- Assortative mating: mating pattern where animals choose mates that are more similar to them
- Disassortative mating: animals choose mates that are more different to themselves
- Random mating: allows hardy Weinberg eqm
23
Q
Evolutionary game theory
A
- Examines how genes can cause game strategies to change over time
- Uses altruism, morality etc.
24
Q
Factors than can cause altruistic behaviour
A
- Kin selection: organism prefers survival or its relatives
- Reciprocal altruism: being kind to expect smth in return
- Costly signaling: organism uses signals to communicate that they have resources
25
Q
Discrimination vs prejudice
A
- Discrimination: action
- Prejudice: belief
26
Q
Social inequality
A
- Unequal distribution of opportunities
27
Q
Social stratification
A
- Separation of society into groups according to similarity in social standing
28
Q
Social standings
A
- status: related to reputation and prestige
- power:
2a. authority (lawful use of power): traditional, legal-rational and charismatic
2b. coercion (unlawful use of power)
2c. social class
29
Q
Caste system
A
- Strictly defines hierarchy of society … says position is inherited
30
Q
Class system
A
- Fluidity between classes
1a. Vertical movement: moving up or down within a class
1b. Horizontal movement: staying in the same class but changing positions
1c. Intragenerational mobility: movement within a class that takes place in a single generation
1d. Intergenerational mobility: movement requires more than one generation
31
Q
Intersectionality
A
- the acknowledgement that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and oppression:
1a. Ex: being black and a female - SES can give someone privileges or disadvantages
32
Q
Social reproduction
A
- Transmission of social inequality from one generation to another
33
Q
Poverty
A
- Absolute: fixed/threat to survival
- Relative: varying/threat of social exclusion
34
Q
Karl Marx
A
- Argued poverty and class inequality could be reminded through violent political struggle
1a. Class consciousness needs to occur first in the lower class
35
Q
Socioeconomic gradient in health
A
- Ppl w wider SES have better health
36
Q
Webers ideal bureaucracy
A
- Most formal operations select employees based on techniques qualifications
37
Q
Xenophobia
A
- Fear to foreign cultures
