Lecture 9 - Physical Activity Flashcards
what is physical activity
any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure
what are subjective measures of physical activity
- survey / questionnaire
- self report
benefits to subjective measures of physical activity
can use them with lots of people
problems to subjective measures of physical activity
under and over estimation
types of objective measures of physical activity
pedometers
accelerometery
what is a pedometer
step counter
what is accelerometery basically
sophisticated version of an apple watch
what are METs
the amount of metabolic equivalents required at rest
what is sedentary behaviour considered to be in METs
<1.5 METs
what is light PA in METs
1.5-3.5 METs
what is moderate to vigorous PA in METs
> 3 METs
the WHO guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behaviour include how many groups of people
7 groups
what is recommendation 1 of WHO (adults should do at least …)
Adults should do at least 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity; or at least 75–150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity ……….
what is improved in adults do to physical activity
all cause mortality
cardiovascular disease mortality
incident hypertension
incident site specific cancers
mental health
cognitive health
sleep
what is the relationship of all cause mortality and physical activity
inverse relationship
what is recommendation 2 from WHO (adults should also do…..)
adults should also do muscle strengthening activities at moderate or greater intensity that involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week, as these provide additional health benefits
what is the limitations to recommendation 2 from ministry of health
the general public may not know what this means
intensity is different for everyone
physical inactivity is defined as
not doing at least 150 mins of moderate intensity, or 75 min of vigorous intensity physical activity per week, or any equivalent combination of the two
what is the rate of insufficient physical activity in men in NZ
30-39%
globally, what gender is less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines
females
what is the rate of insufficient physical activity in women in NZ
40-49%
what age group in NZ is physical inactivity a problem in
adolescents (11-17)
initiatives used to increase physical activity
- jump jam
- required PE until year 10
- cross country and athletics
- weetbix triathlon
- walking school bus
is physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour the same
NO
how are physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour different
physical activity is not achieving the guidelines where is sedentary behaviour is energy expenditure <1.5 METS
what is sedentary behaviour
any walking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure <1.5 METs, while in a sitting reclining or lying position
why was sedentary behaviour defined much more recently than sedentary behaviour
because it took a long time to make the distinction between sedentary and physical activity
why is all cause mortality associated with watching TV
because TV viewing is associated with sedentary behaviour which is associated with greater risks of all cause mortality
what is the association with CVD mortality and sedentary behaviour / tv viewing compared to all cause mortality
generally stronger association than all cause mortality
in observational studies, increased breaks in sedentary time have been associated with ….
- improved measures of body composition
- improved postprandial plasma triglyceride and glucose responses
it is suggested that interrupting sitting down controls …. better which …
controls glucose better which decreases risk of diabetes
what is recommendation 3 from WHO (adults should limit …)
adults should limit the amount of time spent being sedentary
replacing sedentary time with physical activity of any intensity (including light intensity) provides health benefits
are the NZ physical activity guidelines similar to the WHO guidelines
yes
in the sundial study what % of participants met the PA guidelines
24%
