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HUNT 245 > Lecture 11 - Dietary Trends > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Dietary Trends Flashcards

1
Q

what is the world cancer research fund

A

trusted nutrition research

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2
Q

what is important when looking at the references of an article (think about the weight loss from non alc beer example)

A

that the references used are actually papers backing up what they are talking about otherwise the article can be misleading / not accurate

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3
Q

diet books used to be…

A

a common source of information for nutrition

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4
Q

what varies between diet books

A

varying quality of information

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5
Q

best selling diet books often promote ..

A

a lot promote weight loss, prevent / cure diseases

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6
Q

how many books were written by dietitian’s in the top 83 best selling diet books and why is this an issue

A

only 3 dietitian’s

meaning a lot of the information people are reading could be inaccurate

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7
Q

what is the best research designs

A

systematic reviews and meta analyses

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8
Q

A study looked at a sample of posts from Instagram accounts with over 100,000 followers posting about nutrition, what proportion were poor quality nutrition information

A

1/3

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9
Q

A study looked at a sample of posts from Instagram accounts with over 100,000 followers posting about nutrition, what proportion contained inaccuracies

A

about half

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10
Q

what is meant by a fad diet

A

‘in fashion’

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11
Q

what do fad diets often promise

A

promise quick weight loss

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12
Q

fad diets are usually very

A

usually very restrictive

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13
Q

fad diets often have few if any ….

A

scientific studies to support their claims

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14
Q

the language used by fad diets is very

A

persuasive

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15
Q

fad diets often recommend ….

A

expensive supplements

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16
Q

detox diets may involve

A

fasting or consuming a restricted diet for a short period of time

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17
Q

what are the three common claims in diets

A
  • eliminate toxins from the body
  • improve immunity
  • weight loss
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18
Q

there is very limited research in detox diets but what is said about the claim of removing toxins from the body

A

the lungs, liver and kidneys naturally filter out toxins

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19
Q

what does science say about detox diets being very low in calorie

A

weight loss may occur in the short term but is not sustainable in the long term

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of the carnivore diet

A
  • high fat , low carbohydrate
  • consuming meat and some fat as well
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21
Q

what does the science say about the carnivore diet

A
  • multiple food groups missing
  • increased risk of colorectal cancer
22
Q

how does the body respond to losing weight fast

A

responds by going into starvation response, gets rid of glycogen stores within a short period of time

23
Q

losing glycogen stores within a short period of time forces the body to what (also is this a good way to lose weight)

A

to lose stores such as muscle mass because no glycogen stores or enough glucose coming in from the diet

bad way to lose weight

24
Q

how to spot a fad diet

A
  • do they offer a quick fix?
  • are they trying to sell you something ?
  • do they promote unhealthy habits ?
  • is the diet sustainable
  • is there evidence
25
Q

what is the common diet trend associated with gluten

A

many people who aren’t coeliac going gluten free because they think it is healthier for them

26
Q

a survey looked at people who cut out gluten from their diet, what did they find

A

people who were cutting out gluten didnt actually know what they were cutting out cause they didnt know what gluten actually was

27
Q

what is gluten

A

formed from two proteins (gliadin and glutenin)

28
Q

what are the claims of a gluten free diet

A
  • boost energy
  • decrease bloating and other gut problems
  • lose weight
29
Q

what does the science say about a gluten free diet

A
  • no benefit to going gluten free if you dont have coeliac disease or a sensitivity
  • gluten free diets can be lower in fibre and some B vitamins
30
Q

claims of sugar free

A
  • boost energy
  • lose weight
  • improve mental clarity
31
Q

what the science says about sugar free diets

A
  • removing sugar sweetened beverages and other foods high in free and added sugar can have benefits
  • whole food sources of sugar have essential nutrients and should not be avoided
32
Q

what is intermittent fasting

A

time restricted eating

33
Q

what are the benefits that science says about intermittent fasting

A
  • can be easier to stick to
  • can result in weight loss
34
Q

what science says about the risks to intermittent fasting

A
  • not suitable for people on some medication
  • dizziness, low energy levels, poor mental functioning
35
Q

benefits of what science says in vegan diets

A
  • high intake of fruits and vegetables
  • lower BMI
  • lower rates of heart disease
  • lower environmental impact
36
Q

risks of what science says in vegan diets

A
  • vitamin B12 deficiency
  • low iron status ?
  • low calcium
37
Q

what is the keto diet

A

very low carbohydrate diet (<20-50g) that includes ketosis

  • high fat ~70%
38
Q

what was the keto diet originally used in

A

children with epilepsy

39
Q

the keto diet aims to change …

A

the type of fuel your body uses

40
Q

what does the science say about weight loss on the keto diet

A

Can help people lose weight in the short term (long term effects not well understood)

41
Q

what does the science say about the risks of the keto diet

A
  • high in saturated fat
  • risk of nutrient deficiency
  • kidney problems
  • low in fibre
  • fuzzy thinking and mood swings
42
Q

where is the healthy plate model from

A

EAT LANCET

43
Q

tools to evaluate dietary trend

A
  • look at the trusted evidence
  • does it eliminate food groups or foods ?
  • is it sustainable long term ?
44
Q

what is dry fasting

A

Restricting food and fluids for a period of time

45
Q

what are the claims of dry fasting

A
  • rests the kidneys
  • improves skin problems
  • weight loss
46
Q

the evidence shows symptoms of what from a dry fast

A

symptoms of dehydration

47
Q

what is the basics to the pegan diet

A

plant focused

small to moderate amounts of ‘clean meat’

gluten and dairy free or “light”

avoid sugar

eat lots of healthy fats

48
Q

what does the science of the pegan diet show

A

good to include plant focused meals, good to avoid sugar

but shouldnt avoid sugar in wholefoods and should’t be dairy or gluten free unless you need to be

49
Q

what does lactase do

A

helps break down lactose

50
Q

safe weight loss diets must :

A
  • contain all required nutrients
  • be palatable and acceptable
  • have strategies for weight maintenance
  • have medical assessment

HUNT 245 (13 decks)

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