Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUNT 245 > Lecture 7 - Protein > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Protein Flashcards

1
Q

low muscle mass has been associated with ….

A

increased morbidity, poorer quality of life and higher mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Low muscle strength was shown to be a significant …

A

and independent predictor of mortality risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structural functions of protein in the body

A

collagen / keratin for bone, skin, nails, tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the transport functions of protein

A

hemoglobin (O2 and CO2)

cytochromes (ETC)

lipoproteins (lipids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the immune functions of protein

A

antibodies (eliminates foreign pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the contraction functions of protein

A

actin / myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the metabolic functions of protein

A

enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the amino acid structure

A
  1. carboxyl group
  2. amine group
  3. variable group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

composed of 2 amino acids that are joined by a chemical bond, known as a peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

longer chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the primary structure of a protein determined by

A

amino acid sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the secondary structure determined by

A

determined by the interactions between groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the tertiary structure of protein determined by

A

determined by interactions between side chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the protein digestion in the stomach

A

hydrochloric acid denatures the proteins and pepsin degrades proteins to large polypeptides and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the protein digestion in the pancreas

A

pancreatic enzymes include trypsin and chylotrypsin degrade polypeptides to oligopeptides and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the protein digestion in the small intestine (and are they transported across intestinal membrane)

A

aminopeptidase degrade oligopeptides to peptides and amino acids

amino acids and small peptides are transported across intestinal membrane. Peptides are hydrolysed in the cytosol and thus amino acids enter circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can we store amino acids in the body

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the amino acids in the extracellular fluid and in the blood represent what

A

the amino acid pool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the liver plays a crucial role in regulating the composition of the

A

amino acid pool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

muscle gain happens when

A

muscle protein synthesis is greater than muscle protein breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

muscle protein synthesis depends on what

A

post prandial rise in plasma essential amino acid concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is leucine sensed by and what does this promote

A

sestrin2, this promotes translocation of mTORC1 to the lysosome membrane where it becomes activated - this causes activation of downstream anabolic signalling pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does muscle protein synthesis vary between

A

varies between different dietary protein sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

not all proteins are the same, what differs

A

amino acid profiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what protein has been found to have fast protein synthesis rate

A

whey protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is protein absorption like compared to carbs and fats

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

plant based foods have a lower … when compared with protein animal based foods

A

lower absorbability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why do plant based sources of protein have a lower absorbability

A

because of anti nutritional factors in plant based foods

29
Q

why was there increase in protein synthesis from whey protein but not as much of an increase in from the same amount of wheat protein

A

not as much leucine, need more of the wheat protein to have the same effect

30
Q

Ingesting what amount of whey protein (providing 2.2–2.7 g leucine) strongly increases muscle protein synthesis rates

A

20–25 g

31
Q

how much wheat protein would you need to consume to get 2.7grams of leucine

A

45grams

32
Q

what is the general rule of leucine content in animal proteins compared to plant proteins

A

(8-13%) compared to (6-8%)

33
Q

what is the potential solution to low protein content in food

A

protein exraction

34
Q

what is the potential solution to low protein and low in specific essential amino acid

A

protein fortification

35
Q

what is the potential solution to low in specific essential amino acids

A

protein blends

36
Q

what is the potential solution to overall low essential amino acid content

A

increase protein intake

37
Q

how much protein do you need to maximise protein synthesis

A

current evidence suggest an intake of 0.3-0.4 per kg of body mass when consumed with food

38
Q

a study found myofibrillar protein synthesis to remain elevated above rest for …

A

12 hours following a single bout of resistance exercise and protein

39
Q

rates of protein synthesis are found to be highest with what intake of a moderate quantity of rapidly digested whey protein

A

intermediate intake (i.e every 3 hours)

40
Q

how long is the anabolic window found to be elevated for

A

24-48 hours

41
Q

why are whole eggs better for protein synthesis than egg whites

A

whole egg matrix is rich in high quality dietary protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals compared to the egg white matrix

42
Q

While dietary amino acids are the main precursors for protein synthesis, the non-protein components of the whole egg, which are largely contained in the yolk may have a role in

A

may have a role in various aspects of the regulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS).

43
Q

what is the limiting amino acid in soy

A

methionine

44
Q

what are the limiting amino acids in corn

A

lysine, tryptophan

45
Q

what are the limiting amino acids in legumes

A

tryptophan, methionine and cysteine

46
Q

what is the limiting amino acid in rice

A

lysine

47
Q

what is the limiting amino acid in wheat

A

lysine

48
Q

what is the absorption rate of soy protein isolate

A

3.9g/hr

49
Q

what is the absorption rate of casein isolate

A

6.1 g/hr

50
Q

what is the absorption rate of whey isolate

A

8-10 g/hr

51
Q

leucine is an amino acid that triggers what process

A

translocation of mammalian target rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR)

52
Q

the amino acid pool is constantly being turned over, what % does this contribute to BMR

A

~20%

53
Q

what are the branched chain amino acids

A

lsoleucine

leucine

valine

54
Q

what has the highest leucine content

A

whey

55
Q

what are the protein recommendations for sedentary (g/kg/d)

A

0.8 g/kg/d

56
Q

what are the protein recommendations for recreational (g/kg/d)

A

0.8-1.0 g/kg/d

57
Q

what are the protein recommendations for resistance athletes (steady state)

A

1.0-1.2 g/kg/d

58
Q

what are the protein recommendations for moderate intensity endurance athletes (g/kg/d)

A

1.2 (g/kg/d)

59
Q

what are the protein recommendations for resistance athletes (early training) (g/kg/d)

A

1.5-1.7 g/kg/d

60
Q

what are the protein recommendations for elite male endurance athletes (g/kg/d)

A

1.6 g/kg/d

61
Q

what are the protein recommendations for football, power sports (g/kg/d)

A

1.4 - 1.7 g/kg/d

62
Q

how should athletes optimally stimulate protein synthesis

A

by consuming 20-30grams of protein at a serving over 3-4 feeding occasions per day

63
Q

what are the essential amino acids

A

lsoleucine (BCAA)
leucine (BCAA)
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine (BCAA)

64
Q

what are the non essential amino acids

A

alanine
arginine
asparagine
aspartate
cysteine
glutamate
glutamine
glycine
histidine
proline
serine
tyrosine

65
Q

what is the absorption rate of carbs

A

60-100g/hr

66
Q

what is the absorption rate of fat

A

~14g/hr

67
Q

what % of protein in egg whites, whole eggs, and chicken is absorbed

A

~ 85–95%

68
Q

what % of protein in chickpeas, mung beans, and yellow peas is absorbed

A

~ 50–75%

69
Q

is collagen a quality protein

A

no

HUNT 245 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions