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HUNT 245 > Lecture 2 - Lipids Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Lipids Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of lipids

A

triacylglycerol

phospholipids

sphingolipids

sterols

fat soluble vitamins

etc

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2
Q

what is the most common type of lipid in our body and food

A

triglycerides

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3
Q

what are triglycerides a structural component in

A

lipoproteins

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4
Q

what is the major lipid class found in cell membranes

A

phospholipids

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5
Q

where is cholesterol found in the diet

A

animal products

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6
Q

important functions of cholesterol

A
  • structural component of membranes
  • steroid backbone
  • vitamin D
  • bile acids
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7
Q

what are the information molecules that fatty acids are an important component of

A

eicosanoids

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8
Q

what is a short chain fatty acid

A

C2-C6

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9
Q

what is a medium chain fatty acid

A

C8-C12

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10
Q

what is a long chain fatty acid

A

> C14

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11
Q

what are the melting points like of saturated fatty acids

A

high melting point = usually solid at room temperature

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12
Q

can the body synthesis saturated fatty acids

A

yes - so not essential in diet

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13
Q

what does C18 mean

A

18 carbons

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14
Q

what does the :0 mean in C18:0

A

no double bonds

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15
Q

what does a monounsaturated fatty acid have that saturated fatty acid doesnt

A

one cis or trans double bond

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16
Q

what are the melting points like of monounsaturated fatty acids

A

intermediate melting points

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17
Q

what are the melting points of polyunsaturated acids

A

low melting points

18
Q

can the body synthesise polyunsaturated acids

A

the body can not synthesise n-6 and n-3 PUFA so they are essential fatty acids

19
Q

what end do you count from in fatty acids

A

the methyl end

20
Q

what does C18:2n-6 mean

A

it has 18 carbons, two double bonds, the double bond is 6 away from the methyl end and then CH2 seperates the double bonds

21
Q

what carbon in fatty acids from the methyl end are humans unable to produce a double bond before

A

the 9th carbon, hence we must obtain fatty acids that have double bonds before the 9th carbon from the diet

22
Q

deficiencies in essential fatty acids can lead to ….

A
  • growth retardation
  • reproductive failure
  • skin lesions
  • kidney and liver disorders
  • neurological and visual problems
23
Q

what are examples of fats high in saturated fats

A
  • coconut oil
  • butter
  • beef tallow
  • palm oil
24
Q

what vegetable oils are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids

A
  • olive oil
  • canola oil
  • peanut oil
25
Q

what are some vegetable oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids

A

sunflower oil

flaxseed oil

etc

26
Q

what omega will reduce your cholesterol the most

A

omega 6

27
Q

what are the two ways that saturated fat increases cholesterol

A
  • decrease LDL receptor activity
  • suppress ACAT (rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol esterification)
28
Q

saturated fat causes ACAT to be suppressed, what does this cause

A

resulting in greater proportion of cholesterol remaining in the regulatory pool

29
Q

what does trans fatty acids increase

A

cholesterol synthesis

30
Q

what does PUFA (n-6) decrease

A

cholesterol

31
Q

what does PUFA (n-3) decrease

A

TAG

32
Q

how does PUFA (n-6) decrease cholesterol

A
  • increase LDL receptor activity
  • increase CYP7 (rate limiting enzyme in converting cholesterol to bile acids)
33
Q

how does PUFA (n-3) decrease TAG

A

decrease lipogenesis and VLDL secretion

increase lipoprotein lipase activity

increase reverse cholesterol transport

34
Q

what omega is better for anti-inflammatory

A

omega 3

35
Q

what % of dietary lipid is phospholipids

A

5-10% of dietary lipid

36
Q

examples of information molecules (eicosanoids)

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • Thromboxanes
  • Leukotrienes
37
Q

do cis or trans double bonds have higher melting points

A

trans have higher melting points

38
Q

example of saturated fat

A

stearic acid = C18:0

39
Q

example of monounsaturated fat

A

oleic acid = C18:1n-9

40
Q

example of polyunsaturated fat

A

linoleic acid = C18:2n-6

HUNT 245 (13 decks)

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