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Neurobio Midterm > Lecture 9 - Eye movement > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Eye movement Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles help with eye opening?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior tarsal muscle
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2
Q

Where are the horizontal and vertical gaze centers located?

A

Horizontal: pontomedullary junction
Vertical: between diencephalon and midbrain

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3
Q

Where does levator palpebrae superioris originate?

A

common tendinous ring

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4
Q

Where does levator palpebrae superioris attach?

A

superior tarsal plates

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5
Q

What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN III

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6
Q

What happens if levator palpebrae superioris does not work?

A

ptosis (eyelid droops majorly)

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7
Q

Where does the superior tarsal muscle originate?

A

levator palpebrae superioris tendon

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8
Q

Where does the superior tarsal muscle attach?

A

superior tarsal plate

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9
Q

What innervates the superior tarsal muscle?

A

sympathetic component from superior cervical ganglion (SCG)

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10
Q

What happens if the superior tarsal muscle does not work?

A

partial ptosis

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11
Q

What are the four recti muscles of the eye?

A
  • superior rectus (SR)
  • inferior rectus (IR)
  • medial rectus (MR)
  • lateral rectus (LR)
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12
Q

What are the two oblique muscles?

A
  • superior oblique (SO)
  • inferior oblique (IO)
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13
Q

Where do all the recti muscles (and SO) attach?

A

the common tendinous ring

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14
Q

Where does the inferior oblique attach?

A

medial superior surface of the maxilla

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15
Q

What are the transverse plane eye movements?

A
  • adduction and abduction
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16
Q

What are the sagittal plane movements of the eye?

A
  • elevation and depression
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17
Q

What are the coronal plane movements of the eye?

A
  • extorsion and intorsion
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18
Q

What is extorsion?

A

external rotation / counterclockwise movement

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19
Q

What is intorsion?

A

internal rotation/ clockwise movement

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20
Q

What is the movement of normal attachment of the lateral rectus?

A

ABD

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21
Q

What is the movement of lateral rectus with a distal attachment superior to the axis

A

ABD and elevation

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22
Q

What is the movement of the lateral rectus with a distal attachment with extra-connective tissue sleeves?

A

ABD and elevation

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23
Q

What are the actions of the superior rectus?

A

look laterally and upward

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24
Q

What are the actions of the inferior rectus?

A

look laterally and downward

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25
What are the actions of the lateral rectus?
look laterally
26
What are the actions of the medial rectus?
look medially
27
What are the actions of the inferior oblique?
look medially and upward
28
What are the actions of the superior oblique?
look medially and downward
29
What controls the superior oblique?
CN IV
30
What happens with CN IV palsy?
the eye will elevate
31
Can legally blind patients see and walK? Why?
32
What does CNIII (oculomotor) innervate?
the superior rectus the medial rectus the inferior rectus the inferior oblique
33
What are the actions of the muscles that CN III innervates?
the superior rectus - elevation the medial rectus - adduction the inferior rectus - depression the inferior oblique - elevation
34
What eye muscle is innervated by CN IV?
superior oblique
35
What does the superior oblique do?
depression
36
Where does CN IV attach?
posterior midbrain
37
What is unique about CNIV?
- contralateral muscle control - ex) R nucleus of trochlear nerve controls left superior oblique
38
What eye muscles are innervates by CN VI (abducens)?
- lateral rectus - relay for MLF
39
What are the functions of the structures innervated by CN VI?
- lateral rectus: abduction - relay for MLF: vertical and horizontal gaze center control
40
What is accommodation of the eye?
eye adjustment for objects close or far
41
What 3 changes happen when items go from far to close?
1. pupil constriction 2. ciliary body contraction 3. bilateral eyes ADD
42
What 3 changes happen when items go from close to far?
1. pupils dilate 2. ciliary body relaxes 3. bilateral eyes ABD
43
What is saccades?
helps eyes move fast to process images
44
What is fixation?
helps eyes look for longer duration
45
What is smooth pursuit?
eyeballs follow moving objects or pattens - dynamic fixation
46
What helps with fixation?
- tiny saccades and drift
47
When asked to look forward, the patient presents with the left eye forward but the right eye adducted. Which muscle or nerve is compromised?
- right lateral rectus - CN VI
48
What is the lag between sensory processing?
200ms
49
Does UMN have direct muscle innervation?
NO
50
What does UMN modulate?
lower motor neuron functions such as FEF, SC, gaze centers, etc
51
Does LMN have muscle innervation?
YES direct motor innervation
52
What does LMN innervate in the eye?
Neurons in CN III IV and VI nuclei
53
What aspects of movement are UMN functions?
- intention (direction) of the movement - Intensity (speed and extension) of the movement
54
What is the vertical gaze center?
riMLF - rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
55
Where is the vertical gaze center (riMLF)
between the diencephelon and midbrain
56
What does the riMLF / vertical gaze center control?
- ipsilateral CN III and CN IV for contralateral SR (superior rectus) and SO ( superior oblique) - ipsilateral CN III for IR (inferior rectus) and IO (inferior oblique)
57
What do the pairs of muscles controlled by the vertical gaze center do to each other?
- antagonizes
58
What is the horizontal gaze center?
PPRF - paramedial pontine reticular formation
59
Where is the horizontal gaze center / PPRF?
pontomedullary junction
60
What does the horizontal gaze center / PPRF control?
- ipsilateral CN VI for LR (lateral rectus) - Contralateral CN III for MR (medial rectus)
61
What does the frontal eye field control?
contralateral PPRF control
62
What kind of UMN function is the frontal eye field?
higher level
63
What kind of injury is it if there is a lesion in the optic tract?
LMN unjury
64
What kind of injury is it if there is a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus or PPRF?
UMN injury
65
What 3 functional eye motions do we need daily?
saccades, fixation and smooth pursuit
66
If the left frontal eye field is compromised due to stroke, which direction of the eye movement will be compromised?
to the right

Neurobio Midterm (10 decks)

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