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Neurobio > Lecture 9 - Eye movement > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Eye movement Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles help with eye opening?

A
  • levator palpebrae superioris
  • superior tarsal muscle
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2
Q

Where are the horizontal and vertical gaze centers located?

A

Horizontal: pontomedullary junction
Vertical: between diencephalon and midbrain

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3
Q

Where does levator palpebrae superioris originate?

A

common tendinous ring

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4
Q

Where does levator palpebrae superioris attach?

A

superior tarsal plates

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5
Q

What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN III

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6
Q

What happens if levator palpebrae superioris does not work?

A

ptosis (eyelid droops majorly)

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7
Q

Where does the superior tarsal muscle originate?

A

levator palpebrae superioris tendon

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8
Q

Where does the superior tarsal muscle attach?

A

superior tarsal plate

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9
Q

What innervates the superior tarsal muscle?

A

sympathetic component from superior cervical ganglion (SCG)

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10
Q

What happens if the superior tarsal muscle does not work?

A

partial ptosis

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11
Q

What are the four recti muscles of the eye?

A
  • superior rectus (SR)
  • inferior rectus (IR)
  • medial rectus (MR)
  • lateral rectus (LR)
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12
Q

What are the two oblique muscles?

A
  • superior oblique (SO)
  • inferior oblique (IO)
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13
Q

Where do all the recti muscles (and SO) attach?

A

the common tendinous ring

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14
Q

Where does the inferior oblique attach?

A

medial superior surface of the maxilla

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15
Q

What are the transverse plane eye movements?

A
  • adduction and abduction
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16
Q

What are the sagittal plane movements of the eye?

A
  • elevation and depression
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17
Q

What are the coronal plane movements of the eye?

A
  • extorsion and intorsion
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18
Q

What is extorsion?

A

external rotation / counterclockwise movement

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19
Q

What is intorsion?

A

internal rotation/ clockwise movement

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20
Q

What is the movement of normal attachment of the lateral rectus?

A

ABD

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21
Q

What is the movement of lateral rectus with a distal attachment superior to the axis

A

ABD and elevation

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22
Q

What is the movement of the lateral rectus with a distal attachment with extra-connective tissue sleeves?

A

ABD and elevation

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23
Q

What are the actions of the superior rectus?

A

look laterally and upward

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24
Q

What are the actions of the inferior rectus?

A

look laterally and downward

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25
Q

What are the actions of the lateral rectus?

A

look laterally

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26
Q

What are the actions of the medial rectus?

A

look medially

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27
Q

What are the actions of the inferior oblique?

A

look medially and upward

28
Q

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

A

look medially and downward

29
Q

What controls the superior oblique?

A

CN IV

30
Q

What happens with CN IV palsy?

A

the eye will elevate

31
Q

Can legally blind patients see and walK? Why?

A
32
Q

What does CNIII (oculomotor) innervate?

A

the superior rectus
the medial rectus
the inferior rectus
the inferior oblique

33
Q

What are the actions of the muscles that CN III innervates?

A

the superior rectus - elevation
the medial rectus - adduction
the inferior rectus - depression
the inferior oblique - elevation

34
Q

What eye muscle is innervated by CN IV?

A

superior oblique

35
Q

What does the superior oblique do?

A

depression

36
Q

Where does CN IV attach?

A

posterior midbrain

37
Q

What is unique about CNIV?

A
  • contralateral muscle control
  • ex) R nucleus of trochlear nerve controls left superior oblique
38
Q

What eye muscles are innervates by CN VI (abducens)?

A
  • lateral rectus
  • relay for MLF
39
Q

What are the functions of the structures innervated by CN VI?

A
  • lateral rectus: abduction
  • relay for MLF: vertical and horizontal gaze center control
40
Q

What is accommodation of the eye?

A

eye adjustment for objects close or far

41
Q

What 3 changes happen when items go from far to close?

A
  1. pupil constriction
  2. ciliary body contraction
  3. bilateral eyes ADD
42
Q

What 3 changes happen when items go from close to far?

A
  1. pupils dilate
  2. ciliary body relaxes
  3. bilateral eyes ABD
43
Q

What is saccades?

A

helps eyes move fast to process images

44
Q

What is fixation?

A

helps eyes look for longer duration

45
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

eyeballs follow moving objects or pattens
- dynamic fixation

46
Q

What helps with fixation?

A
  • tiny saccades and drift
47
Q

When asked to look forward, the patient presents with the left eye forward but the right eye adducted. Which muscle or nerve is compromised?

A
  • right lateral rectus
  • CN VI
48
Q

What is the lag between sensory processing?

A

200ms

49
Q

Does UMN have direct muscle innervation?

A

NO

50
Q

What does UMN modulate?

A

lower motor neuron functions such as FEF, SC, gaze centers, etc

51
Q

Does LMN have muscle innervation?

A

YES direct motor innervation

52
Q

What does LMN innervate in the eye?

A

Neurons in CN III IV and VI nuclei

53
Q

What aspects of movement are UMN functions?

A
  • intention (direction) of the movement
  • Intensity (speed and extension) of the movement
54
Q

What is the vertical gaze center?

A

riMLF
- rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus

55
Q

Where is the vertical gaze center (riMLF)

A

between the diencephelon and midbrain

56
Q

What does the riMLF / vertical gaze center control?

A
  • ipsilateral CN III and CN IV for contralateral SR (superior rectus) and SO ( superior oblique)
  • ipsilateral CN III for IR (inferior rectus) and IO (inferior oblique)
57
Q

What do the pairs of muscles controlled by the vertical gaze center do to each other?

A
  • antagonizes
58
Q

What is the horizontal gaze center?

A

PPRF
- paramedial pontine reticular formation

59
Q

Where is the horizontal gaze center / PPRF?

A

pontomedullary junction

60
Q

What does the horizontal gaze center / PPRF control?

A
  • ipsilateral CN VI for LR (lateral rectus)
  • Contralateral CN III for MR (medial rectus)
61
Q

What does the frontal eye field control?

A

contralateral PPRF control

62
Q

What kind of UMN function is the frontal eye field?

A

higher level

63
Q

What kind of injury is it if there is a lesion in the optic tract?

A

LMN unjury

64
Q

What kind of injury is it if there is a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus or PPRF?

A

UMN injury

65
Q

What 3 functional eye motions do we need daily?

A

saccades, fixation and smooth pursuit

66
Q

If the left frontal eye field is compromised due to stroke, which direction of the eye movement will be compromised?

A

to the right

Neurobio (10 decks)

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