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Neurobio Midterm > Lecture 5 - Cranial Nerves and Neuroforamina > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Cranial Nerves and Neuroforamina Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the telencephalon?

A

1 (olfactory nerve)

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3
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the diencephalon?

A

1 (optic)

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4
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the brain stem?

A

9

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5
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the spinal cord?

A

1 (spinal accessory CN XI)

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve belongs to the CNS?

A

Optic nerve (CNII)

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7
Q

What exits through the optical canal?

A

CN II - optic nerve

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8
Q

What exits through the superior orbital fissure?

A

4 nerves
- CN III (oculomotor)
- CN IV (trochlear)
- CN VI (abducens)
- CN V1 (Trigeminal: opthalamic division)

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9
Q

What exits through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 - trigeminal nerve: maxillary division

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10
Q

What exits through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 - trigeminal nerve: mandibular division

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11
Q

What exits through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
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12
Q

What exits through the jugular foramen?

A
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
  • CN XI (spinal accessory)
  • Internal jugular vein
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13
Q

What exits through the foramen magnum?

A
  • medulla oblongata and spinal cord
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14
Q

What exits through the cribiform plate?

A

CN 1 (olfactory)

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15
Q

What exits through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

What exits through the carotid canal?

A

the internal carotid artery

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17
Q

What exits through the hypoglossal canal?

A
  • CNXII (hypoglossal)
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18
Q

Which nerve is the only one to attach at the posterior midbrain?

A

CN IV- Trochlear

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19
Q

What are the two divisions of the spinal cord?

A
  • ventral motor and dorsal sensory
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20
Q

What are the two parts of the spinal cord?

A

anterior part - alar plate
posterior part - basal plate

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of the brain stem?

A
  • medial motor (sulcus limitans)
  • lateral sensory
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22
Q

What part of the brain can you visibly see the red nucleus on in imaging?

A

rostral midbrain

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23
Q

What is most lateral in the brainstem?

A

special sensation (Sp)

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24
Q

Which is most medial in the brainstem?

A

somatic motor (Sm)

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25
What is branchial motor in charge of?
the muscles in the head/neck, integrated into somatic motor
26
Where is the CNV nuclei located longitudinally?
midbrain to C2
27
What is the mesencephalic nucleus?
A ganglion
28
Which CN have all 4 functional components?
CN VII/IX/X
29
What CN share the CN V nucleus?
CN VII/IX/X
30
What kind of nucleus is the CN V nucleus?
Somatic sensory
31
What CN share the solitary nucleus?
CNVII/IX/X
32
What kind of nucleus is the solitary nucleus?
Visceral somatic
33
What CN share the ambiguous nucleus?
CN IX/X
34
What kind of nuclus is the ambiguous nucleus?
Somatic motor (and visceral motor for CNX)
35
Which nuclei has two components?
Ambiguous nuclus - somatic motor and visceral motor for CNX
36
Where does CN1 Originate?
the olfactory bulb in the CNS
37
What is unique about the olfactory nerves?
PNS!
38
Where does the olfactory nerve exit?
the cribiform plate in the the ethmoid bone
39
What kind of CN is CN1?
visceral sensory for olfaction/smell
40
Where does CN II come from?
CNS, diencephalon
41
Where does CNII (optic) exit from?
optic canal, sphenoid bone
42
What kind of nerve is CNII (optic)?
Visceral sensory- vision
43
What can happen with CNII that can cause MS?
compromised myelin sheath
44
Where does CNIII (oculomotor) originate??
midbrain, superior colliculus level
45
Where does CNIII (oculomotor) exit?
superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone
46
What kind of nerve is CNIII (oculomotor)?
* Somatic motor (4+1 muscles, 4 extraocular and elevator palpebrae superioris) for eye/eyeball motions * Visceral motor -cilliary ganglion, intrinsic ocular muscles
47
Where does CN IV (trochlear) originate from?
attaches at the dorsal midbrain *only one*
48
Where does CN IV (trochlear) exit?
superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone
49
What kind of nerve is CN IV (trochlear)?
Sm (somatic motor) for the superior oblique muscle
50
Where does CNV originate (trigeminal)?
mid-lateral pons
51
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CNV), and what kind of nerves are they??
- v1: opthalmic, somatic sensory - v2: maxillary, somatic sensory - v3: mandibular, both somatic sensory and somatic motor
52
What are the somatic sensory functions of the trigeminal nerve?
Ss: smell, taste, somatosensory, cutaneous
53
What are the somatic motor functions of the trigeminal nerve?
Sm: mastication, hearing/sound intensity, swallowing
54
Where do the three branches of CNV (trigeminal) exit?
V1 - superior orbital fissure V2 - foramen rotundum V3 - foramen ovale
55
Where does CNVI (abducens) originate?
medial pontomedullary junction
56
Where does CNVI (abducens) exit?
superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone
57
What is the function of CNVI (abducens)?
somatic motor control of the lateral rectus muscle
58
Which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?
CN III - oculomotor CN IV - trochlear both exit through the superior orbital fissure
59
Where does CN VII (facial) originate?
lateral pontomedullary junction
60
Where does CN VII (facial) exit?
the internal acoustic meatus, temporal bone
61
What is the function of the facial nerve (CN VII)?
Sensory - somatic sensory for the external ear - visceral sensory for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste Motor - Somatic motor for facial expression in the superficial muscles, sound intensity - Visceral motor for the lacrimal gland, salivary glands, mucosal glands
62
What is within the pterygopalatine ganglion of CN VII (facial)?
lacrimal gland, muscosal gland
63
What is within the submandibular ganglion of CN VII (facial)?
salivary glands
64
Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) originate?
the lateral pontomedullary junction
65
Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) exit?
the internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone
66
What is the function of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)?
visceral sensory - proprioception: vestibular division - hearing: cochlear division
67
Where does CN IX (glossopharyngeal) originate?
posterior to the olive
68
Where does CN IX (glossopharyngeal) exit?
the jugular foramen, in the temporal and occipital bones
69
What are the functions of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)?
Sensory - somatic sensory: external ear and posterior 1/3 of the tongue - visceral sensory: posterior 1/3 of the tongue Motor - somatic motor: stylopharyngeus - visceral motor: parotid gland (salivary)
70
Where does CN X (vagus) originate?
posterior to the olive
71
Where does CN X (vagus) exit?
jugular foramen, temporal and occiptial bones
72
What are the functions of CN X?
Sensory - Somatic sensory: external ear, pharynx/larynx - visceral sensory: epiglottis, internal organs until hindgut Motor - somatic motor: tongue, pharynx/larynx/esophagus - visceral motor: Internal organs until hindgut
73
Where does CN XI (spinal accessory) originate?
lateral cervical spinal cord C1~C5
74
Where does CN XI (spinal accessory) exit?
jugular foramen, temporal and occipital bones
75
What is the function of CN XI? (spinal accessory)
somatic motor for trapezius and SCM
76
Where does CN XII (hypoglossal) originate?
between the pyramid and olive
77
Where does CN XII (hypoglossal) exit?
the hypoglossal canal, occipital bone
78
WHat is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal)?
somatic motor for tongue functions
79
Which functional components are in CNII?
visceral sensory
80
Which functional components are in CN III?
somatic and visceral motor
81
Which functional components are in CN V?
somatic sensory and somatic motor
82
Which functional components are in CN VII?
somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor

Neurobio Midterm (10 decks)

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