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Neurobio > Lecture 5 - Cranial Nerves and Neuroforamina > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Cranial Nerves and Neuroforamina Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the telencephalon?

A

1 (olfactory nerve)

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3
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the diencephalon?

A

1 (optic)

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4
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the brain stem?

A

9

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5
Q

How many cranial nerves are at the spinal cord?

A

1 (spinal accessory CN XI)

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6
Q

Which cranial nerve belongs to the CNS?

A

Optic nerve (CNII)

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7
Q

What exits through the optical canal?

A

CN II - optic nerve

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8
Q

What exits through the superior orbital fissure?

A

4 nerves
- CN III (oculomotor)
- CN IV (trochlear)
- CN VI (abducens)
- CN V1 (Trigeminal: opthalamic division)

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9
Q

What exits through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 - trigeminal nerve: maxillary division

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10
Q

What exits through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 - trigeminal nerve: mandibular division

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11
Q

What exits through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
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12
Q

What exits through the jugular foramen?

A
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
  • CN XI (spinal accessory)
  • Internal jugular vein
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13
Q

What exits through the foramen magnum?

A
  • medulla oblongata and spinal cord
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14
Q

What exits through the cribiform plate?

A

CN 1 (olfactory)

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15
Q

What exits through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

What exits through the carotid canal?

A

the internal carotid artery

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17
Q

What exits through the hypoglossal canal?

A
  • CNXII (hypoglossal)
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18
Q

Which nerve is the only one to attach at the posterior midbrain?

A

CN IV- Trochlear

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19
Q

What are the two divisions of the spinal cord?

A
  • ventral motor and dorsal sensory
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20
Q

What are the two parts of the spinal cord?

A

anterior part - alar plate
posterior part - basal plate

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21
Q

What are the two divisions of the brain stem?

A
  • medial motor (sulcus limitans)
  • lateral sensory
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22
Q

What part of the brain can you visibly see the red nucleus on in imaging?

A

rostral midbrain

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23
Q

What is most lateral in the brainstem?

A

special sensation (Sp)

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24
Q

Which is most medial in the brainstem?

A

somatic motor (Sm)

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25
Q

What is branchial motor in charge of?

A

the muscles in the head/neck, integrated into somatic motor

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26
Q

Where is the CNV nuclei located longitudinally?

A

midbrain to C2

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27
Q

What is the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

A ganglion

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28
Q

Which CN have all 4 functional components?

A

CN VII/IX/X

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29
Q

What CN share the CN V nucleus?

A

CN VII/IX/X

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30
Q

What kind of nucleus is the CN V nucleus?

A

Somatic sensory

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31
Q

What CN share the solitary nucleus?

A

CNVII/IX/X

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32
Q

What kind of nucleus is the solitary nucleus?

A

Visceral somatic

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33
Q

What CN share the ambiguous nucleus?

A

CN IX/X

34
Q

What kind of nuclus is the ambiguous nucleus?

A

Somatic motor (and visceral motor for CNX)

35
Q

Which nuclei has two components?

A

Ambiguous nuclus - somatic motor and visceral motor for CNX

36
Q

Where does CN1 Originate?

A

the olfactory bulb in the CNS

37
Q

What is unique about the olfactory nerves?

A

PNS!

38
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit?

A

the cribiform plate in the the ethmoid bone

39
Q

What kind of CN is CN1?

A

visceral sensory for olfaction/smell

40
Q

Where does CN II come from?

A

CNS, diencephalon

41
Q

Where does CNII (optic) exit from?

A

optic canal, sphenoid bone

42
Q

What kind of nerve is CNII (optic)?

A

Visceral sensory- vision

43
Q

What can happen with CNII that can cause MS?

A

compromised myelin sheath

44
Q

Where does CNIII (oculomotor) originate??

A

midbrain, superior colliculus level

45
Q

Where does CNIII (oculomotor) exit?

A

superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone

46
Q

What kind of nerve is CNIII (oculomotor)?

A
  • Somatic motor (4+1 muscles, 4 extraocular and elevator palpebrae superioris) for eye/eyeball motions
  • Visceral motor -cilliary ganglion, intrinsic ocular muscles
47
Q

Where does CN IV (trochlear) originate from?

A

attaches at the dorsal midbrain only one

48
Q

Where does CN IV (trochlear) exit?

A

superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone

49
Q

What kind of nerve is CN IV (trochlear)?

A

Sm (somatic motor) for the superior oblique muscle

50
Q

Where does CNV originate (trigeminal)?

A

mid-lateral pons

51
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CNV), and what kind of nerves are they??

A
  • v1: opthalmic, somatic sensory
  • v2: maxillary, somatic sensory
  • v3: mandibular, both somatic sensory and somatic motor
52
Q

What are the somatic sensory functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ss: smell, taste, somatosensory, cutaneous

53
Q

What are the somatic motor functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sm: mastication, hearing/sound intensity, swallowing

54
Q

Where do the three branches of CNV (trigeminal) exit?

A

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

55
Q

Where does CNVI (abducens) originate?

A

medial pontomedullary junction

56
Q

Where does CNVI (abducens) exit?

A

superior orbital fissure, sphenoid bone

57
Q

What is the function of CNVI (abducens)?

A

somatic motor control of the lateral rectus muscle

58
Q

Which cranial nerves attach to the midbrain?

A

CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear

both exit through the superior orbital fissure

59
Q

Where does CN VII (facial) originate?

A

lateral pontomedullary junction

60
Q

Where does CN VII (facial) exit?

A

the internal acoustic meatus, temporal bone

61
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A

Sensory
- somatic sensory for the external ear
- visceral sensory for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste

Motor
- Somatic motor for facial expression in the superficial muscles, sound intensity
- Visceral motor for the lacrimal gland, salivary glands, mucosal glands

62
Q

What is within the pterygopalatine ganglion of CN VII (facial)?

A

lacrimal gland, muscosal gland

63
Q

What is within the submandibular ganglion of CN VII (facial)?

A

salivary glands

64
Q

Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) originate?

A

the lateral pontomedullary junction

65
Q

Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) exit?

A

the internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone

66
Q

What is the function of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)?

A

visceral sensory
- proprioception: vestibular division
- hearing: cochlear division

67
Q

Where does CN IX (glossopharyngeal) originate?

A

posterior to the olive

68
Q

Where does CN IX (glossopharyngeal) exit?

A

the jugular foramen, in the temporal and occipital bones

69
Q

What are the functions of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)?

A

Sensory
- somatic sensory: external ear and posterior 1/3 of the tongue
- visceral sensory: posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Motor
- somatic motor: stylopharyngeus
- visceral motor: parotid gland (salivary)

70
Q

Where does CN X (vagus) originate?

A

posterior to the olive

71
Q

Where does CN X (vagus) exit?

A

jugular foramen, temporal and occiptial bones

72
Q

What are the functions of CN X?

A

Sensory
- Somatic sensory: external ear, pharynx/larynx
- visceral sensory: epiglottis, internal organs until hindgut

Motor
- somatic motor: tongue, pharynx/larynx/esophagus
- visceral motor: Internal organs until hindgut

73
Q

Where does CN XI (spinal accessory) originate?

A

lateral cervical spinal cord C1~C5

74
Q

Where does CN XI (spinal accessory) exit?

A

jugular foramen, temporal and occipital bones

75
Q

What is the function of CN XI? (spinal accessory)

A

somatic motor for trapezius and SCM

76
Q

Where does CN XII (hypoglossal) originate?

A

between the pyramid and olive

77
Q

Where does CN XII (hypoglossal) exit?

A

the hypoglossal canal, occipital bone

78
Q

WHat is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal)?

A

somatic motor for tongue functions

79
Q

Which functional components are in CNII?

A

visceral sensory

80
Q

Which functional components are in CN III?

A

somatic and visceral motor

81
Q

Which functional components are in CN V?

A

somatic sensory and somatic motor

82
Q

Which functional components are in CN VII?

A

somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor

Neurobio (10 decks)

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