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Neurobio Midterm > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has an injury along the visual pathway at the optic chiasm, what happens?

A

tunnel view

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2
Q

What’s the flowing direction of CSF during systole?

A

CSF flows out of the ventricle to the caudal spinal sac

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3
Q

Whats the flowing direction of CSF during diastole?

A

CSF is sucked into the ventricles and to the SSS

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4
Q

What the name of axonal bundles connecting corresponding structures of the two hemispheres?

A

commisural fibers

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5
Q

What is the name of the axonal bundles in the same hemispheres?

A

association fibers

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6
Q

What is the name of the axonal bundles that bridge the cerebral cortex and subcortical CNS structures?

A

projection fibers

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7
Q

What is the name of the fibers that go to neighborining gyri?

A

short association fibers

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8
Q

What is the name of the fibers that go tot multiple lobes with SPECIFIC names?

A

long association fibers

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9
Q

Which neuron conveys information from the cortex to other subcortical structures?

A

pyramidal cell

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10
Q

What are the cells in M1 called?

A

Betz cells

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11
Q

Which of the following basal nuclei is located in the diencephalon?

A

subthalmic nucleus

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12
Q

Which basal nuclei are in the telencephalon?

A

caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

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13
Q

Which basal nuclei are in the telencephalon?

A

substantia nigra

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14
Q

Which of the following components of basal nuclei forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

caudate

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15
Q

Where is the location for motor decussation?

A

caudal medulla

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16
Q

Where is the location for sensory decussation?

A

caudal medulla in tegmentum

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17
Q

Where is the decussation of the anterolateral spinothalmic tract?

A

the spinal cord

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18
Q

Where does the dorsal column of the medial leminiscus decussate?

A

caudal medulla

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19
Q

Where do the two vertebral arteries flow together to form the basilar artery?

A

pontomedullary junction

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20
Q

Which eye structure pathological changes can result in cataracts?

A

lens

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21
Q

Which eye structure pathological changes can result in glaucoma?

A

Aqueous humor blocked

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22
Q

What eye structure pathological changes can result in macular degeneration?

A

macula, loss of cones

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23
Q

Which cranial nerves have the parasympathetic visceral motor functional component?

A

CN III, VII, IX, and X

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24
Q

Which cranial nerves have the parasympathetic visceral sensory functional component?

A

CN IX, X

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25
Which cranial nerves have the somatic sensory component?
CN V, VII, IX, X
26
Which cranial nerves have the somatic motor functional component?
CN III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
27
Which separates cerebellum from the temporal and occipital lobes?
transverse fissure
28
Which seperates the left and right hemispheres?
Longitudinal fissue
29
Which seperates the precentral and postcentral gyri?
central sulcus
30
Which seperates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?
lateral sulcus
31
A patient suffered pontine arterial stroke with right tegmental pons atrophied severely. Which signs/symptoms will the patient present MOST prominetly?
right face and left body paresthesia
32
What is the major function of brodmann area 17?
Vision, V1
33
A patient has been diagnosed as legally blind due to macular degeneration. Which of the following cells has been compromised directly?
cones
34
A roofer fell off a 12 ladder and landed on the ground. The patient lost consciousness for minutes and then reported everything was OK but suddenly lost consciousness again after several minutes/ Which of the following medical emergency must be screened immediately?
Epidural hematoma due to disruption of meningeal artery
35
A patient has injured brainstem around pontomedullary junction. Which CN will still be fully functional? - CN VIII - CN VII - CN VI - CN IV
CN IV = originates on posterior midbrain
36
What is the type of communicating fibers from cortical pyramidal neurons to control functions of deep nuclei in the brainstem?
projection fibers
37
A patient has been diagnosed with MS, Which of the following CN wil be MOST likely impaired?
CN II
38
Which of the arteries runs in the longitudinal fissure?
ACA
39
Which of the arteries runs in the lateral sulcus?
MCA
40
Which of the arteries runs in the transverse fissure?
PCA
41
Which basal nuclei are supplied by the ACA?
- nucleus accumbens - caudate
42
Which basal nuclei are supplied by the MCA?
putamen caudate
43
Which basal nuclei are supplied by the PCA
thalamus
44
Which basal nuclei are supplied by the IC?
- globus pallidus and Internal capsule
45
Which functional area around the neocortex is in charge of integration and metacognition?
multimodal association cortices
46
What functional area is in charge of supporting the primary cortices functions?
unimodal association cortex
47
What functional area around the neocortex is a specialized heteromodal association cortex?
limbic cortex
48
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
precentral gyrus
49
Where is the primary sensory cortex located?
postcentral gyrus
50
Which tract mainly courses through the basilar medulla?
corticospinal
51
What is the function of the right horizontal gaze center?
Activates right CN VI and left CN III
52
What is the function of the right RiMLF?
- right CNIII for IR and IO - right CNIII and CNIV function for LEFT SR and SO
53
Where is the horizontal gaze center located?
pontomedullary junction
54
Where is the vertical gaze center located?
between the diecephalon and midbrain
55
Which CN has its nuclei located in the whole brainstem and proximal spinal cord?
CN V
56
Which CN share the CN V nucleus?
CN VII/IX/X Ss
57
Which CN make up the solitary nucleus?
CN VII/IX/X Vs
58
Which CN make up the ambiguous nucleus?
CN IX/X Sm
59
Which seperates the sclera from the cornea?
limbus
60
Which venous sinus is in the falx cerebelli?
Occipital sinus
61
When you see an object approaching you what happens with your lens?
Ciliary body muscle contracts, increases anterior convexity of the lens
62
A patient with a left MCA stroke can follow directions to move around and talk with the therapist fluently but meaninglessly. Which structure is impaired?
arcuate fasciculus
63
A baby was born with hydrocephalus with bilateral lateral and 3rd ventricles enlarged. Where is the block of CSF?
cerebral aqueduct
64
A patient complains of diplopia after a MVA when asked to look forward with the right eye adducted medially. Which muscle is impaired?
right lateral rectus
65
How many pairs of CN have attachments at the brainstem?
9
66
Meningitis in which part of the dura mater can be presented as cervicalgia?
Posterior Cranial Fossa, innervated by C2/C3
67
A patient has a CN VII nucleus injury due to a MS lesion. Where is the lesion located?
pons
68
Which kind of stroke can present as left hemineglect?
Right MCA
69
Which anatomic landmark divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes?
lateral sulcus
70
The primary cortices are located in which cerebral lobes?
M1 - frontal, precentral gyrys S1 - parietal, postcentral gyrus V1 - occipital A1 - temporal
71
Which basal nuclei components are in the forebrain?
- caudate - putamen - nucleus accumbens - globus pallidus - subthalamic nucleus
72
How many axons can a neuron have?
0-1
73
How many cell bodies can a neuron have?
1
74
How many dendrities can a neuron have?
0-numerous
75
Which cell is centered for the functions of the cerebral cortex?
pyramidal cells
76
What is the function of the right FEF?
direct both eyes to rotate to the left
77
Which lobe is compromised with left hemineglect?
parietal lobe R MCA
78
Which structrues are grouped into the brainstem?
midbrain pons medulla
79
What are the major functions of the brainstem?
- CN nuclei and attachment - Conduit function - integrated functions
80
Which CN have their nuclei in the caudal pons?
CN VI, VII, VIII
81
Which decussations happen in the pyramid?
- Ascending DCMLS - Descending corticospinal tract - inferior cerebellar peduncle
82
Which CN can be compromised if a patient sufferes from MS?
CN II
83
Where is the nucleus of the CN IV located?
midbrain, inferior colliculus level
84
Where is the nucleus of CN III located?
midbrain, superior colliculus level
85
If the nerve courses through the foramen ovale is cut, which signs/symptoms will the patient present?
CN V3 - mastication - swallowing - sound intensity - mandible except the angle numbness
86
Which functional componenets are contained in CN IX?
all of em
87
How is the anterior spinal artery formed?
each vertebral artery provides a branch to flow together as the anterior spinal artery
88
How does the CSF flow in the CNS during diastole?
from subarachnoid space to superior sagittal sinus, causal to rostral
89
Which dura venous sinus is in the tentorium cerebelli?
straight sinus
90
Where are the nuclei for the cranial nerves innervating the R SR and SO located?
left midbrain
91
List the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order neurons along the visual pathway?
1st: bipolar 2nd: ganglion 3rd: lateral geniculate nucleus
92
A patient reports numbness and weakness in the left upper limb and face after an ischemic cerebreal stroke. Which artery is compromised?
Right MCA
93
Where does the AICA branch from?
basilar artery
94
Where does the PICA branch from?
PICA
95
A patient suffers MS with a lesion located in the mid-lateral tegmental pons. Which CN will be compromised?
CN V
96
Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the otic ganglion?
Facial
97
Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the pterygopalatine ganglia?
CN VII
98
Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the ciliary ganglion?
CN III
99
Where does sensory decussation happen?
caudal/middle medulla

Neurobio Midterm (10 decks)

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