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Neurobio Midterm > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has an injury along the visual pathway at the optic chiasm, what happens?

A

tunnel view

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2
Q

What’s the flowing direction of CSF during systole?

A

CSF flows out of the ventricle to the caudal spinal sac

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3
Q

Whats the flowing direction of CSF during diastole?

A

CSF is sucked into the ventricles and to the SSS

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4
Q

What the name of axonal bundles connecting corresponding structures of the two hemispheres?

A

commisural fibers

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5
Q

What is the name of the axonal bundles in the same hemispheres?

A

association fibers

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6
Q

What is the name of the axonal bundles that bridge the cerebral cortex and subcortical CNS structures?

A

projection fibers

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7
Q

What is the name of the fibers that go to neighborining gyri?

A

short association fibers

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8
Q

What is the name of the fibers that go tot multiple lobes with SPECIFIC names?

A

long association fibers

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9
Q

Which neuron conveys information from the cortex to other subcortical structures?

A

pyramidal cell

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10
Q

What are the cells in M1 called?

A

Betz cells

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11
Q

Which of the following basal nuclei is located in the diencephalon?

A

subthalmic nucleus

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12
Q

Which basal nuclei are in the telencephalon?

A

caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

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13
Q

Which basal nuclei are in the telencephalon?

A

substantia nigra

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14
Q

Which of the following components of basal nuclei forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

caudate

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15
Q

Where is the location for motor decussation?

A

caudal medulla

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16
Q

Where is the location for sensory decussation?

A

caudal medulla in tegmentum

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17
Q

Where is the decussation of the anterolateral spinothalmic tract?

A

the spinal cord

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18
Q

Where does the dorsal column of the medial leminiscus decussate?

A

caudal medulla

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19
Q

Where do the two vertebral arteries flow together to form the basilar artery?

A

pontomedullary junction

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20
Q

Which eye structure pathological changes can result in cataracts?

A

lens

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21
Q

Which eye structure pathological changes can result in glaucoma?

A

Aqueous humor blocked

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22
Q

What eye structure pathological changes can result in macular degeneration?

A

macula, loss of cones

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23
Q

Which cranial nerves have the parasympathetic visceral motor functional component?

A

CN III, VII, IX, and X

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24
Q

Which cranial nerves have the parasympathetic visceral sensory functional component?

A

CN IX, X

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25
Q

Which cranial nerves have the somatic sensory component?

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

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26
Q

Which cranial nerves have the somatic motor functional component?

A

CN III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

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27
Q

Which separates cerebellum from the temporal and occipital lobes?

A

transverse fissure

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28
Q

Which seperates the left and right hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissue

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29
Q

Which seperates the precentral and postcentral gyri?

A

central sulcus

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30
Q

Which seperates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

A

lateral sulcus

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31
Q

A patient suffered pontine arterial stroke with right tegmental pons atrophied severely. Which signs/symptoms will the patient present MOST prominetly?

A

right face and left body paresthesia

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32
Q

What is the major function of brodmann area 17?

A

Vision, V1

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33
Q

A patient has been diagnosed as legally blind due to macular degeneration. Which of the following cells has been compromised directly?

A

cones

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34
Q

A roofer fell off a 12 ladder and landed on the ground. The patient lost consciousness for minutes and then reported everything was OK but suddenly lost consciousness again after several minutes/ Which of the following medical emergency must be screened immediately?

A

Epidural hematoma due to disruption of meningeal artery

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35
Q

A patient has injured brainstem around pontomedullary junction. Which CN will still be fully functional?

  • CN VIII
  • CN VII
  • CN VI
  • CN IV
A

CN IV = originates on posterior midbrain

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36
Q

What is the type of communicating fibers from cortical pyramidal neurons to control functions of deep nuclei in the brainstem?

A

projection fibers

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37
Q

A patient has been diagnosed with MS, Which of the following CN wil be MOST likely impaired?

A

CN II

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38
Q

Which of the arteries runs in the longitudinal fissure?

A

ACA

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39
Q

Which of the arteries runs in the lateral sulcus?

A

MCA

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40
Q

Which of the arteries runs in the transverse fissure?

A

PCA

41
Q

Which basal nuclei are supplied by the ACA?

A
  • nucleus accumbens
  • caudate
42
Q

Which basal nuclei are supplied by the MCA?

A

putamen
caudate

43
Q

Which basal nuclei are supplied by the PCA

A

thalamus

44
Q

Which basal nuclei are supplied by the IC?

A
  • globus pallidus and Internal capsule
45
Q

Which functional area around the neocortex is in charge of integration and metacognition?

A

multimodal association cortices

46
Q

What functional area is in charge of supporting the primary cortices functions?

A

unimodal association cortex

47
Q

What functional area around the neocortex is a specialized heteromodal association cortex?

A

limbic cortex

48
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

precentral gyrus

49
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex located?

A

postcentral gyrus

50
Q

Which tract mainly courses through the basilar medulla?

A

corticospinal

51
Q

What is the function of the right horizontal gaze center?

A

Activates right CN VI and left CN III

52
Q

What is the function of the right RiMLF?

A
  • right CNIII for IR and IO
  • right CNIII and CNIV function for LEFT SR and SO
53
Q

Where is the horizontal gaze center located?

A

pontomedullary junction

54
Q

Where is the vertical gaze center located?

A

between the diecephalon and midbrain

55
Q

Which CN has its nuclei located in the whole brainstem and proximal spinal cord?

A

CN V

56
Q

Which CN share the CN V nucleus?

A

CN VII/IX/X
Ss

57
Q

Which CN make up the solitary nucleus?

A

CN VII/IX/X
Vs

58
Q

Which CN make up the ambiguous nucleus?

A

CN IX/X
Sm

59
Q

Which seperates the sclera from the cornea?

A

limbus

60
Q

Which venous sinus is in the falx cerebelli?

A

Occipital sinus

61
Q

When you see an object approaching you what happens with your lens?

A

Ciliary body muscle contracts, increases anterior convexity of the lens

62
Q

A patient with a left MCA stroke can follow directions to move around and talk with the therapist fluently but meaninglessly. Which structure is impaired?

A

arcuate fasciculus

63
Q

A baby was born with hydrocephalus with bilateral lateral and 3rd ventricles enlarged. Where is the block of CSF?

A

cerebral aqueduct

64
Q

A patient complains of diplopia after a MVA when asked to look forward with the right eye adducted medially. Which muscle is impaired?

A

right lateral rectus

65
Q

How many pairs of CN have attachments at the brainstem?

A

9

66
Q

Meningitis in which part of the dura mater can be presented as cervicalgia?

A

Posterior Cranial Fossa, innervated by C2/C3

67
Q

A patient has a CN VII nucleus injury due to a MS lesion. Where is the lesion located?

A

pons

68
Q

Which kind of stroke can present as left hemineglect?

A

Right MCA

69
Q

Which anatomic landmark divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes?

A

lateral sulcus

70
Q

The primary cortices are located in which cerebral lobes?

A

M1 - frontal, precentral gyrys
S1 - parietal, postcentral gyrus
V1 - occipital
A1 - temporal

71
Q

Which basal nuclei components are in the forebrain?

A
  • caudate
  • putamen
  • nucleus accumbens
  • globus pallidus
  • subthalamic nucleus
72
Q

How many axons can a neuron have?

A

0-1

73
Q

How many cell bodies can a neuron have?

A

1

74
Q

How many dendrities can a neuron have?

A

0-numerous

75
Q

Which cell is centered for the functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

pyramidal cells

76
Q

What is the function of the right FEF?

A

direct both eyes to rotate to the left

77
Q

Which lobe is compromised with left hemineglect?

A

parietal lobe

R MCA

78
Q

Which structrues are grouped into the brainstem?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

79
Q

What are the major functions of the brainstem?

A
  • CN nuclei and attachment
  • Conduit function
  • integrated functions
80
Q

Which CN have their nuclei in the caudal pons?

A

CN VI, VII, VIII

81
Q

Which decussations happen in the pyramid?

A
  • Ascending DCMLS
  • Descending corticospinal tract
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle
82
Q

Which CN can be compromised if a patient sufferes from MS?

A

CN II

83
Q

Where is the nucleus of the CN IV located?

A

midbrain, inferior colliculus level

84
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN III located?

A

midbrain, superior colliculus level

85
Q

If the nerve courses through the foramen ovale is cut, which signs/symptoms will the patient present?

A

CN V3
- mastication
- swallowing
- sound intensity
- mandible except the angle numbness

86
Q

Which functional componenets are contained in CN IX?

A

all of em

87
Q

How is the anterior spinal artery formed?

A

each vertebral artery provides a branch to flow together as the anterior spinal artery

88
Q

How does the CSF flow in the CNS during diastole?

A

from subarachnoid space to superior sagittal sinus, causal to rostral

89
Q

Which dura venous sinus is in the tentorium cerebelli?

A

straight sinus

90
Q

Where are the nuclei for the cranial nerves innervating the R SR and SO located?

A

left midbrain

91
Q

List the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order neurons along the visual pathway?

A

1st: bipolar
2nd: ganglion
3rd: lateral geniculate nucleus

92
Q

A patient reports numbness and weakness in the left upper limb and face after an ischemic cerebreal stroke. Which artery is compromised?

A

Right MCA

93
Q

Where does the AICA branch from?

A

basilar artery

94
Q

Where does the PICA branch from?

A

PICA

95
Q

A patient suffers MS with a lesion located in the mid-lateral tegmental pons. Which CN will be compromised?

A

CN V

96
Q

Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the otic ganglion?

A

Facial

97
Q

Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the pterygopalatine ganglia?

A

CN VII

98
Q

Which CN contains the parasympathetic motor functions mediated by the ciliary ganglion?

A

CN III

99
Q

Where does sensory decussation happen?

A

caudal/middle medulla

Neurobio Midterm (10 decks)

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