Lecture 1 - General map of nervous systems

Question 1

How many pairs of crainial nerves are from the forebrain?

Answer 1

1 at the telencephalon
1 at the diencephalon

Question 2

How many pairs of cranial nerves are from the brain stem?

Answer 2

9

Question 3

What makes up the face of an electro microscopy image?

Answer 3

face: myelin sheath
eyes,nose and mouth: mitochondria
Braid: root from oligodendrocyte

Question 4

What does the central nervous system do?

Answer 4

motor/sensory and integrative functions (brain and spinal cord)

Question 5

What are the sensory components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

Somatic and visceral

Question 6

What are the motor components of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 6

somatic: skeletal muscles
Visceral: cardiac/smooth muscles/glands

Question 7

Somatic is the _____________ nervous system

Answer 7

voluntary, wall of cavities and limbs

Question 8

Visceral is the _____________ nervous system

Answer 8

Autonomic
- appendage organs in the vacities
- functional invasion into SOMATIC COMPONENTS: sweat glands/arrector pilli/blood vessels

Question 9

What is the main difference in the somatic and visceral nervous systems?

Answer 9

Somatic motor: 1 cell system, cell body in the CNS
Visceral motor: 2 cell system, 1st cell body in the CNS, 2nd cell body in the ganglia of the PNS

Question 10

What is a nucleus?

Answer 10

Nucleus: cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

Question 11

What is a ganglion?

Answer 11

Ganglion: cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 12

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 12

brain and spinal cord

• cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord

Question 13

What is the CNS responsible for?

Answer 13

motor/sensory and integrative functions

Question 14

Afferent components go _____

Answer 14

IN

Question 15

Efferent components go ____

Answer 15

OUT

Question 16

What makes up the visceral motor system of the PNS?

Answer 16

• sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric divisions
• autonomic ganglia and nerves

Question 17

What makes up the somatic motor system of the PNS?

Answer 17

motor nerves

Question 18

What are the effectors of the nervous systemS?

Answer 18

Visceral - smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
MOTOR - skeletal (striated) muscles

Question 19

What is the prosencephalon in the brain?

Answer 19

Forebrain

Question 20

What makes up the forebrain/ prosencephalon?

Answer 20

• telencephalon
• diencephalon
• CN II and optic disc

Question 21

What is the mesencephalon in the brain?

Answer 21

Midbrain

Question 22

What is the rhombencephalon in the brain?

Answer 22

Hindbrain

Question 23

What makes up the hindbrain/rhombencephalon? (2 parts)

Answer 23

• Metencephalon: Pons, cerebellum
• Myelencephalon: medulla oblongata

Question 24

What is the line that splits the brain into left and right?

Answer 24

Longitudinal fissure, separates right/left hemispheres

Question 25

What is the line between the occipital lobe and cerebellum?

Answer 25

Transverse fissure, separates cerebrum/cerebellum

Question 26

What is a sulcus/sulci?

Answer 26

grooves between gyri A sulcus is another name for a groove in the cerebral cortex. Sulci surround each gyrus.

Question 27

What is the lateral sulcus?

Answer 27

a deep groove located along the surface of the cerebral cortex. It is the most prominent of the cortical sulci, and it divides the frontal and parietal lobes superiorly from the temporal lobe inferiorly

Question 28

What is a gyrus/gyri?

Answer 28

- ridge of cortex A ridge-like elevation found on the surface of the cerebral cortex. Gyri are surrounded by depressions known as sulci, and together they form the folded surface of the brain.

Question 29

What is the portion of the brain between superior and anterior referred to as?

Answer 29

Rostral

Question 30

What is the portion of the brain between the superior and posterior referred to as?

Answer 30

caudal

Question 31

What is the potion of the spinal cord that is posterior called?

Answer 31

dorsal

Question 32

What is the position of the spinal cord that is anterior to the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord called?

Answer 32

ventral

Question 33

What does the coronal section of a brain look like?

Answer 33

Cauliflower

Question 34

What does the transverse section of a brain look like?

Answer 34

Rugby

Question 35

What color is fluid in a T2 image?

Answer 35

White

Question 36

What is white in a T1 image?

Answer 36

FAT

Question 37

What are visible on a MRI in the brain? (vague)

Answer 37

Fine soft tissue structures - NOT ON A CT

Question 38

What is white on a CT?

Answer 38

Bones

Question 39

Is the frontal lobe in the rostral or caudal telencephalon?

Answer 39

Rostral