Lecture 9 - Cranial Nerves IX, X, XI, XII Flashcards
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) has _____ _____ axons, originates in the ______ nucleus, and has peripheral fibers that terminate in the ______ muscles.
- somatic motor
- hypoglossal
- tongue
Aside from general intraoral movement of the tongue, the hypoglossal nerve allows tongue _______.
protrusion
Fibers from the hypoglossal nucleus exit directly adjacent (lateral) to the medullary _______. The hypoglossal nerve is also considered a ______ ______ neuron.
- pyramid
- lower motor (LMN)
Since the hypoglossal nerve is composed of LMN’s, an _____ _____ lesion in the nerve would result in tongue deviations [opposite/toward] the lesion, tongue _______, and muscular ______.
- internal capsule
- toward
- fasciculations
- atrophy
The ________ tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, and it acts as the white matter pathway for nearly all cranial nerve motor output (excluding the oculomotor nerve). The other pyramidal tract is the __________ tract.
- corticobulbar
- corticospinal
The corticobulbar tract is composed of _____ ______ neurons. It supplies multiple LMN ______ ______ nuclei.
- upper motor (UMN)
- cranial nerve
Since the corticobulbar tract is composed of UMN’s, a lesion to the UMN corticobulbar hypoglossal fibers that decussate [before/after] synapsing on the LMN hypoglossal nucleus would result in tongue deviation [opposite/toward] the UMN lesion. There [would/would not] be tongue fasciculations, and would be [heavy/minimal] muscular atrophy.
- before
- opposite
- would not
- minimal
The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) has _____ _____ axons, originates in the _____ nucleus (from caudal medulla to C5), and has peripheral fibers that terminate on the ___________ and _________ muscles.
- branchial motor
- accessory
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
If there is a lesion to the accessory nerve, the _____ and _____ hang due to a weak trapezius muscle, it is difficult to ______ the shoulders since levator scapulae must work alone, and muscular atrophy leads to a _______ appearance of the neck contour.
- scapula
- clavicle
- shrug
- scalloped
The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) contains every type of axon fiber except for ______ ______ and ______ motor.
- special sensory
- somatic
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) nuclei:
- ______ ______ nucleus: superior ganglion of IX, skin of outer ear
- nucleus of _____ _____: inferior ganglion of IX, taste buds posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid body and sinus
- nucleus of solitary tract, (_____ _____ nucleus): inferior ganglion of IX, mucosa posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, middle ear
- _____ ______ nucleus: otic ganglion, parotid gland
- Nucleus _______: pharynx (stylopharyngeus)
- spinal trigeminal (SS) (afferent)
- solitary tract (VS) (afferent)
- spinal trigeminal (VS) (afferent)
- inferior salivatory (VM) (efferent)
- ambiguus (BM) (efferent)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) afferents to the carotid body monitor O2, CO2, and pH of the _____. The carotid sinus monitors changes in _____ _____. This is associated with the ______ nucleus.
- blood
- blood pressure
- solitary
The glossopharyngeal (CN IX) afferents traveling to the trigeminal spinal nucleus and the superior ganglion of IX supply the ______ ______ and _____ ______.
- outer ear (skin)
- middle ear
The glossopharyngeal (CN IX) afferents traveling to the trigeminal spinal nucleus and the inferior ganglion of IX supply the ______ ____ of the _______ with visceral sensation and _______.
- posterior 1/3
- tongue
- taste
The glossopharyngeal (CN IX) efferents traveling to nucleus ambiguus supply the _______ for elevation, speech, and swallowing. They also supply other pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles.
stylopharyngeus
