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SP15 Neuroanatomy - Dr. Pierson > Lecture 1 - Intro and Gross Brain Structure 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro and Gross Brain Structure 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 divisions of nervous system

A
  • CNS = brain & spinal cord

- PNS = spinal & cranial nerves that transmit to CNS

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2
Q

3 subdivisions of brain

A
  • cerebrum (2 hemispheres, diencephalon)
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
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3
Q

What is the structural/functional unit of nervous system that receives and transmits bioelectrical signals across synapses?

A

neuron

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4
Q

Parts of a neuron:

A
  • cell body

- neurites (dendrites and axons)

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5
Q

Neurons receive information with ______ processes and send information with _______ processes. Both types of processes are linked to the neuron _____ _____.

A
  • afferent
  • efferent
  • cell body
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6
Q

3 small neurotransmitters:

A
  • glutamate (excitatory)
  • GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) (inhibitory)
  • Acetylcholine (ACh) (both)
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7
Q

3 monoamine neurotransmitters:

A
  • dopamine (excitatory)
  • Epi & NorEpi (excitatory)
  • serotonin (5-HT) (excitatory)
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8
Q

2 neuropeptide neurotransmitters:

A
  • ACTH

- Substance P

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9
Q

Anterior, dorsal, rostral, and caudal are directional terms in neuroanatomy. The axis they indicate is relative to the ______ _______ in the brain, or in respect to the _____ ______ inferior to the brain.

A
  • cephalic flexure

- spinal cord

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10
Q

2 types of nerve cell bodies:

A
  • nucleus

- ganglion

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11
Q

3 types of axons in CNS:

1 axon term in PNS:

A
  • tract
  • lemniscus
  • peduncle
  • nerve
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12
Q

same side

A

ipsilateral

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13
Q

opposite side

A

contralateral

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14
Q

both sides

A

bilateral

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15
Q

pyramidal division

A

decussation

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16
Q

band of nervous tissue connecting 2 hemispheres of brain, or parts of spinal cord

A

commissure (called corpus callosum in cerebrum)

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17
Q

4 section planes

A
  • sagittal (midline)
  • parasagittal (parallel to midline)
  • coronal/frontal (dorsal and ventral)
  • transverse/horizontal (top and bottom)
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18
Q

Ridges of the cerebrum are ______. Grooves are _____ (or _____ if they’re deep). This structure increases _____ _____.

A
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • fissures
  • surface area
19
Q

5 lobes of cerebrum

A
  • frontal (front)
  • parietal (top, mid)
  • occipital (back)
  • temporal (side)
  • limbic (deep)
20
Q 
Frontal Lobe (posterior anatomy): 
Directly anterior to the central sulcus (posterior to frontal lobe), and posterior to the frontal gyri are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A
  • Precentral sulcus

- Precentral gyrus

21
Q 
Frontal Lobe (anterior anatomy):
The \_\_\_\_\_ gyri is lateral to the cerebral hemisphere and most superior. The \_\_\_\_\_ gyri is central. The \_\_\_\_\_\_ gyri is lowest.
A
  • superior frontal
  • middle frontal
  • inferior frontal
22
Q 
Frontal Lobe (inferior anatomy):
\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ only contains the orbital gyrus. Superior to this is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sulcus, containing the olfactory bulb and tract.
A
  • gyrus rectus

- olfactory

23
Q

Frontal Lobe: 4 functional areas

A
  • precentral gyrus
  • premotor & supplemental motor areas
  • Broca’s area
  • Prefrontal cortex
24
Q

Frontal Lobe:

Initiation of voluntary movement is done by the ______ gyrus and __________ _______ areas. Speech and language are associated with ________ area. Executive function (personality, insight) are done by the _____ ______.

A
  • Precentral
  • Premotor and supplemental motor
  • Broca’s
  • Prefrontal cortex
25
Q

Parietal Lobe (Lateral Anatomy):

Directly posterior to postcentral sulcus is the ______ ______ gyrus. Further posteriorly is are the _____ and _______ lobules.

A
  • postcentral
  • superior parietal
  • inferior parietal
26
Q

Parietal Lobe (Medial Anatomy):

Most superior is the ________ lobule. Posterio-inferior to this is the ______.

A
  • paracentral

- precuneus

27
Q

Parietal Lobe:

Proprioception and tactile information are processed at the ______ gyrus. Language comprehension occurs in the _______ _______ lobule. The remainder of the parietal cortex processes _________ and directing attention.

A
  • postcentral
  • inferior parietal
  • spatial orientation
28
Q

Temporal Lobe (Lateral Anatomy):

  • The temporal gyri are divided into what 3 parts?
  • Which gyrus contains the primary auditory cortex?
A
  • superior, middle, inferior temporal

- superior

29
Q

Temporal Lobe (Inferior Anatomy):

Which gyrus contacts the occipital lobe?

A

Occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

30
Q

Temporal Lobe:

Language comprehension is performed in _______ area. Auditory learning and memory occur in the ______ lobe. Much of the temporal lobe also participates in higher order ______ processing.

A
  • Wernike’s
  • medial
  • visual
31
Q

Occipital Lobe (Anatomy):

1 Lateral Part
2 Medial Parts

A
  • Lateral: lateral occipital gyri

- Medial: cuneus gyrus, lingual gyrus

32
Q

Occipitial Lobe:

Main function is ______. Houses the _____ _____ cortex. The occipital lobe shares its function with the ____ lobe of the cerebrum.

A
  • vision
  • primary visual
  • temporal
33
Q

Limbic Lobe (Anatomy):

The ______ gyrus forms a C-shape around the corpus callosum. The _______ gyrus is inferior to the diencephalon.

A
  • cingulate

- parahippocampal

34
Q

Limbic Lobe:

Main functions are associated with what?

A

emotions, memory, drive/urge behavior

35
Q

What is the name of the “hidden lobe” of the cerebrum? Where is it located?

A
  • insula

- deep in lateral sulcus; covered by frontal, parietal, temporal lobes; above diencephalon

36
Q

4 divisions of diencephalon:

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

37
Q

Which gland is associated with the epithalamus?

A

pineal gland

38
Q

The _______, part of the diencephalon, is superior to the hypothalamus, and is inferiorly attached to the 3rd ventricle by the _____ _______. Anterior to it is the ________ adhesion.

A
  • thalamus
  • stria medullaris
  • intrathalamic
39
Q

Thalamus:

ALL sensory information except _______ travels through the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is also involved in ______ system neural circuits with the cerebellum and basal ganglia, and receives projections from the ______ system.

A
  • olfaction
  • motor
  • limbic
40
Q

The thalamus and hypothalamus are separated by the _______ _________ in the wall of the ___ ventricle.

A
  • hypothalamic sulcus

- 3rd

41
Q

The inferior surface of the hypothalamus contains _______ _______.

A
  • mammillary bodies
42
Q

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by the ________.

A
  • infundibulum
43
Q

The major visceral control center of the body is the _______. This structure also has _____ functions.

A
  • hypothalamus

- limbic

SP15 Neuroanatomy - Dr. Pierson (10 decks)

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