Lecture 6 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls _____ activity. Some of the systems it regulates are involuntary (ex: heartbeat). It is subdivided into 3 systems:
- “fight or flight” = ___________ division
- “rest and digest” = _________ + _________ divisions
- visceral
- sympathetic (SNS)
- parasympathetic (PNS)
- enteric nervous system (ENS)
Both somatic and autonomic nervous systems use _____ and ______ pathways, have ______ fibers, and mediate ______.
- ascending
- descending
- sensory (visceral)
- reflexes
The autonomic nervous system differs from the somatic nervous system because SNS and PNS efferents use a __-______ chain; they do not reach targets directly.
This is a _____ cell body in CNS, and _____ neuron in a ganglion.
- 2-neuron
- preganglionic
- postganglionic
Preganglionic fibers have _____ myelin. Postganglionic fibers have _____ myelin.
- thin
- no
Sympathetic ganglia are located near the ______. Parasympathetic ganglia are located near their _____ _____.
- CNS
- innervated organ
The neurotransmitter mainly associated with the PNS is ________. The SNS also uses ________ at the first synapse, but uses ________ or ________ at the 2nd synapse.
- acetylcholine (ACh)
- ACh
- norepinephrine (NorEpi)
- epinephrine (Epi)
In the SNS, preganglionic fibers travel from ___-___ in the spinal nerve to the _______ chain, _______ ganglia, and the ______ gland.
- T1 - L2
- sympathetic
- prevertebral
- adrenal
PNS preganglionic neurons are located in the ______ and ______ cord, and travel in respective nerves to those structures. They outflow to the gut _____, but not to any limbs.
- brainstem
- sacral
- viscera
The SNS usually causes muscular contraction and blood vessel constriction. The PNS works opposite of this, causing relaxation. An exception is the ______ muscles and _____, where the PNS is excitatory.
- bronchial
- lungs
List 5 more exceptions where the PNS is excitatory.
- GI motility
- bladder detrusor muscles
- pupillary sphincter
- ciliary muscle
- glands
- basically, just think that most of these are involuntary, as opposed to the SNS usually exciting voluntary things
Which 4 cranial nerves are controlled by the PNS?
- oculomotor (CN III) = pupillary sphincter, ciliary muscle
- facial (CN VII) = pterygopalatine ganglion
- glossopharyngeal (CN IX) = otic ganglion
- vagus (CN X) = organs
The oculomotor nerve’s (CN III) parasympathetic nucleus is called the _____-____ nucleus. It is located in the _____, and controls the _____ ganglion. It _____ the pupil, and uses adjusts the lens of the eye for near vision with the _____ muscle.
- Edinger-Westphal
- midbrain
- ciliary
- constricts
- ciliary
The facial nerve’s (CN VII) parasympathetic nucleus is called the ______ ______ nucleus. It is located in the _______ of the _______, and controls _______ _______ cell bodies.
- superior salivatory
- tegmentum
- pons
- parasympathetic preganglionic
The facial nerve (CN VII) parasympathetic division controls 2 ganglia:
- ________ ganglion postganglionic fibers terminate in the nasal and lacrimal glands
- ________ ganglion postganglionic fibers terminate in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
- pterygopalatine
2. submandibular
The glossopharyngeal nerve’s (CN IX) parasympathetic nucleus is called the ______ _______ nucleus, located in the _______. Preganglionic fibers lead to the _____ ganglion, which sends out parasympathetic postganglionic fibers terminating in the ______ gland.
- inferior salivatory
- medulla
- otic
- salivary
The vagus nerve (CN X) has 2 parasympathetic nuclei located in the ______. The preganglionic cell bodies serving the GI tract are from the ____ _____ nucleus, while those serving the heart are from the ______ ______.
- medulla
- dorsal motor
- nucleus ambiguus
From the vagus (CN X) parasympathetic nuclei, axons exit with other vagal nerve fibers and terminate in the _____ of the target organ, where _______ nerve cell bodies are located.
- wall
- postganglionic
The sacral preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located at the _____ cord, ___-___ level, region of ____ horn.
- sacral
- S2 - S4
- lateral
Sacral preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies exit the ____ root and course within ______ nerves. The axons terminate at postganglionic cell bodies in the walls of the _____, _____, and other urogenital structures.
- ventral
- splanchnic
- colon
- bladder
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers have 4 possible destinations:
- Synapse in _____ ganglion
- Ascend and synapse in the _____ ______ ganglion or _____ _____ ganglion
- Descend and synapse in the _____/_____ ganglia
- Traverse the chain, emerge as ______ nerves
- nearest
- superior cervical (SCG)
- middle cervical (MCG)
- lumbar/sacral
- splanchnic
After exiting the spinal cord using the ventral roots, preganglionic sympathetic fibers use _____ ______ ______ to join the sympathetic chain (AKA, paravertebral chain ganglia). Postganglionic fibers then rejoin the spinal nerves using ______ ______ ______.
- white communicating rami
- gray communicating rami
- remember preganglionic fibers are thinly myelinated, postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers reach the head via the _______ ganglia and _____ plexus.
- cervical
- carotid
List the 3 possible preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies.
- paravertebral ganglia
- prevertebral ganglia
- adrenal medulla
Loss of sympathetic innervation of the face leading to ptosis, miosis, endophthalmosis, anhydrosis, and heterochromia is known as _______ syndrome.
Horner
Pain from viscera that is perceived as surface level pain is called _______ pain. This occurs when the viscera is innervated at the _____ cord level as the surface structure. Signals for are mixed at the spinal cord and ______.
- referred
- same
- brainstem
The ______ nervous system innervates the intestines, pancreas, and gall bladder.
enteric
What are the 2 enteric neural plexi of the intestinal tract?
- myenteric plexus (of Auerbach)
- submucous plexus (of Meissner)
The enteric nervous system provides primary control of ______ and ______ for its innervated organs.
- motility
- secretion
