Lecture 9 - Clinical Renal Failure and Tests

Question 1

Acute kidney injury?

Answer 1

sudden rapid reduction in GFR, days/weeks, usually reversible, usually non-renal causes

Question 2

Chemical characteristics of acute tubular failure?

Answer 2

high creatinine, low urine output, high potassium

Question 3

Post renal problems?

Answer 3

kidney stones, tumour, prostate hypertrophy, urinary retention

Question 4

Chronic kidney disease?

Answer 4

months/years, gradual decline in renal function, irreversible

Question 5

Chemical characteristics of chronic kidney failure?

Answer 5

elevated creatinine and urea, normal urine output

Question 6

Main cuases of CKD?

Answer 6

diabetes, glomerulonephritis, hypertension

Question 7

Pathology of CKS?

Answer 7

build up of creatinine -> scarring of glomeruli and interstitum

Question 8

Signs of CKD?

Answer 8

usually asymtomatic, potentially hypertension, oedema and raised JVP

Question 9

Stimuli for parathyroid hormone secretion?

Answer 9

low Ca2+, high phosphate

Question 10

Consequence of PTH acting on calcium?

Answer 10

uses bone stores, blood level restores, fractures, vascular calcification