Lecture 3 - Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

Medullary rays?

Answer 1

centre of lobule, prox. & dist. tubules as well as collecting ducts to and from medulla

Question 2

Journey of blood?

Answer 2

renal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

Question 3

Journey of blood - juxtamedullary corpuscle?

Answer 3

renal artery, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, venous vasa recta, arcuate vein, renal vein

Question 4

Layers of ureter?

Answer 4

transitional epithelium (folded for contraction), mucous membrane (lubrication), subepithelial connective tissue (elastic), smooth muscle (contractile), outer adventitia

Question 5

Urethra epithelium?

Answer 5

transitional -> stratified coloumnar -> stratified squamous

Question 6

Water proportions?

Answer 6

2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF (80% interstitial, 20% plasma)

Question 7

Osmolality definition?

Answer 7

No. osmotically active particles per unit volume - determines osmotic pressure across membrane

Question 8

Osmolarity?

Answer 8

No. osmotically active molecules per litre of total solution

Question 9

Tonicity definition?

Answer 9

osmotic pressure a solute exerts across a cell membrane - accounts for impermeable solutes only

Question 10

Voltage gradient?

Answer 10

competing electrical and chemical gradients mean side with proteins is more negatively charged at equilibrium

Question 11

Oncotic pressure?

Answer 11

greater osmolality on protein side, causing directed flow of water

Question 12

High sodium diet effect?

Answer 12

lagged increase salt excretion by kidney to match balance, increase in ECF water volume to maintain osmolality, increasing BP & renal Na+, resotred wen lowering Na diet or diuretics

Question 13

IV fluids?

Answer 13

isotonic saline fluids (0.9%) expand ECF, hypotonic (0.45%) expand ICF