Lecture 1 - Renal Histology

Question 1

Main functions of Kidney?

Answer 1

filter blood to remove waste as urine, regulate water, salt and pH, regulate blood pressure, produce hormones/enzymes

Question 2

Progression of nephron segments?

Answer 2

Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, proximal straight tubule, thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, collecting duct

Question 3

Renal corpuscle function?

Answer 3

blood filtration

Question 4

Proximal tubules’ function?

Answer 4

bulk reabsorption, secretion

Question 5

Thin limb and thick ascending limb function?

Answer 5

urine concentraion

Question 6

Distal convoluted and connecting tubules?

Answer 6

fine tuning of salts, pH

Question 7

Collecting Duct function?

Answer 7

reabsorption of water

Question 8

Renal corpuscle - cell types?

Answer 8

podocytes - envelope capillaries; parietal epithelial cells - form outside layer (squamous)

Question 9

Embryonic development of Renal Corpuscle?

Answer 9

developing glomerulus invaginates primitive renal tubule, forming viceral (podocyte) and parietal epithelial layers of Bowmann’s capsule

Question 10

Glomerular filtration barrier?

Answer 10

endothelium, GBM, podocytes; physical and charge-selective barrier (negative glycocalyx coat)

Question 11

Glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 11

thick, collagen and negative proteoglycans, dense core, less dense outer layers

Question 12

Slit membrane?

Answer 12

between primary ans secondary podocyte processes, fine filter, covered in glycocalyx coat

Question 13

Breakdown of processes?

Answer 13

Podocyte Effacement

Question 14

Mesangial cells?

Answer 14

smooth muscle cells in capillary tuft, support/contractile role

Question 15

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus - JG cells?

Answer 15

smooth muscle in afferent arteriole wall - secrete renin

Question 16

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus - macula densa cells?

Answer 16

special cells in wall of thick ascending limb that detect salt conc.

Question 17

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus - regulatory functions?

Answer 17

NaCl induced: afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction (high) and renin release (low)

Question 18

Proximal tubule cells - absorptive characteristics?

Answer 18

cuboidal epithelium, brush border and lateral processes for s.a, pinocytosis

Question 19

Thin limb - cell type?

Answer 19

thin squamous epithelium

Question 20

Distal tubule cells

Answer 20

similar to proximal BUT no brush border

Question 21

Collecting duct - cell types?

Answer 21

cuboidal progressing into columnar

Question 22

Apex of medullary pyramid?

Answer 22

renal papillae