lecture 9 cards

Question 1

Pmax varies with

Answer 1

Physiological condition, temperature, nutrient status

Question 2

Temperature dependence**

Answer 2

Photochemical reactions are NOT temperature dependent, metabolic reactions ARE temperature dependent because they use enzymes

Question 3

PAR

Answer 3

Photosynthetically active radiation

Question 4

Factors affecting total productivity

Answer 4

Changes in surface irradiance, daylength, atmospheric conditions, water transparency, concentration of phytoplankton, nutrient availability

Question 5

Surface irradiance

Answer 5

Io, varies with latitude and season

Question 6

Biomass

Answer 6

Numbers of individuals x mass per individual

Question 7

Cohort analysis

Answer 7

Used when organisms reproduce with distinctive stages and generations do not overlap. Used to help estimate populations/secondary production.

Question 8

Trophic Dynamic Concept

Answer 8

Lindeman. Less energ is available to each higher trophic level because of work performed and inefficiency of biological transformations

Question 9

What limits number of trophic levels?

Answer 9

Magnitude of primary production, ecological efficiency, areal extent

Question 10

Ecological efficiency

Answer 10

Efficiency of transfer of energy–proportion of food “burned away” and therefore not available to the next trophic level. Highest in phytoplankton-herbivore transfers and lowest for carnivore transfers (upwellings have greatest potential for fish production)

Question 11

Areal extent

Answer 11

Size of system. Typically top carnivores forage over large areas, requires large enough population size

Question 12

Dr. Robert Hecky

Answer 12

Structure of pelagic food webs

Question 13

Open ocean chains

Answer 13

5+, open ocean is 90% of area, EE is 10%

Question 14

Coastal chains

Answer 14

3 links, 9.9% of the area, EE is 15%

Question 15

Coastal upwelling chains

Answer 15

1-2 links, 0.1% of area, EE is 20%

Question 16

Cetaceans

Answer 16

Whales (odontoceti and mysticeti)

Question 17

Pinnipeds

Answer 17

Seals, walruses

Question 18

Sirenians

Answer 18

Sea cows: dugongs and manatees

Question 19

Baleen whales behavior

Answer 19

Migration, early weaning, 11 month gestation, sexual maturity in 4-5 years, brief social interactions, common songs that change slowly with 10 yr half lives

Question 20

Toothed whales behavior

Answer 20

Not much migration, 1-13 years weaning, 10-16 month gestation, maturity at 4-25 years, stable social interactions, have individual songs

Question 21

Cetacean modifications for marine life

Answer 21

Fusiform shape (streamlining), blubber, skin smooth and elastic, horizontal tail flukes, migration of nostrils to top of head, rapid air exchange, negatively buoyant