Lecture 6 cards Flashcards
Protozoa
“First animals.” Usually microscopic, no specialized tissues, heterotrophic, paraphyletic
Choanoflagellates
Matisgophera (whip bearing), single or colonial, similar to sponge cells
Foraminifera
Sarcodina, amoeboid, shelled orgs with CaCO3, create foraminiferan ooze
Globigerina
Foraminiferan that can be several cm in diameter, important fossil indicators because the form is sensitive to temperature
Radiolaria
Amoeboid, siliceous SiO2 skeleton, smaller than forams, can make oozes, usually beautiful, can farm algae
Tintinnids
Most important group of ciliates in the ocean, sand grains, head region has large cilia
Nematocysts
Stinging cells in phylum cnidaria
Physalia
Portugese man-of-war, medusae hydrozoan
Muggiaea
Siphonophore, epipelagic, gas floats, medusa
Aurelia
Important jellyfish (Scyphozoan)
Colloblast cells
Cells in ctenophora that secrete sticky material, used to ensnare prey
Eutely
Cell constancy, about 1000 cells–do not keep growing
Calanus
Important copepods
Acartia
Important copepod
Mysis
Important mysid (opossum shrimp)
Neomysis
Important mysid (opossum shrimp)
Euphausids
All marine, include Krill!!!, nest most important after copepods, important genera are Euphausia with complex development
Euphausia
Important euphausid
Pteropods
Gastropod with reduced or absent shell, foot modified as swimming organ
Veliger larva
Planktonic larva in gastropods w/ bilateral symmetry that undergoes torsion
Eunice
Genus of meroplanktonic annelid, Samoan Islands, atokes transform into reproductive epitokes tied to lunar period, synchonized mating swarms
Epitokes
Reproductive forms by budding or direct transformation
Sagitta
Arrow worms in Chaetognatha–sit and wait predators using mechanoreception
Notochord
Supportive structure in phylum chordata
Neoteny
Juvenile stage develops reproductive competence. Present in larvaceans.
Salps
Pelagic tunicates, alternation of sexual and asexual reproduction, budding, high filtering rates, important Genus is Salpa
Salpa
Important genus of salps
New production
Comes from external inputs eg upwelling, coastal inputs
Old production
Comes from recycled inputs
Ingestion formula
I = C * F, where I is ingestion, C is number of cells and F is filtering rate. Created by Gordon Riley and Georges Bank.
ILL
Incipient limiting level, critical concentration
Reynolds number Re
Intertidal forces / viscous forces. When viscous forces are very high, low Re
Phycosphere
Ring of leaked-out material around every algal cell, persists at low Re
Foraging theory
Search time, handling time, efficiency of prey capture
Fecal pellet
Compressed food that has had nutrients removed; released rapidly to prevent the animal from eating its own feces
Factors of ingestion and assimilation rates
Food abundance and attributes of food, environmental factors, animal size, taxon specific considerations
Patchiness
Neither uniform nor random, varying patch size.
Causes of patchiness
Physical systems and water movements, behavior of organisms in response to gradients (phototaxis, tidal rhythms) and reproduction especially among coastal larvae, episodic release
Vertical migration
Common, spectacular, large increase in total biomass. Stimulus is rate of change of light intensity
Proximate cue
Physiological stimulus.
Causes of vertical migration
No ultimate cause. Dispersal, food resources, benefit to growth efficiency, predation avoidance (most important factor)
