Lecture 6 cards

Question 1

Protozoa

Answer 1

“First animals.” Usually microscopic, no specialized tissues, heterotrophic, paraphyletic

Question 2

Choanoflagellates

Answer 2

Matisgophera (whip bearing), single or colonial, similar to sponge cells

Question 3

Foraminifera

Answer 3

Sarcodina, amoeboid, shelled orgs with CaCO3, create foraminiferan ooze

Question 4

Globigerina

Answer 4

Foraminiferan that can be several cm in diameter, important fossil indicators because the form is sensitive to temperature

Question 5

Radiolaria

Answer 5

Amoeboid, siliceous SiO2 skeleton, smaller than forams, can make oozes, usually beautiful, can farm algae

Question 6

Tintinnids

Answer 6

Most important group of ciliates in the ocean, sand grains, head region has large cilia

Question 7

Nematocysts

Answer 7

Stinging cells in phylum cnidaria

Question 8

Physalia

Answer 8

Portugese man-of-war, medusae hydrozoan

Question 9

Muggiaea

Answer 9

Siphonophore, epipelagic, gas floats, medusa

Question 10

Aurelia

Answer 10

Important jellyfish (Scyphozoan)

Question 11

Colloblast cells

Answer 11

Cells in ctenophora that secrete sticky material, used to ensnare prey

Question 12

Eutely

Answer 12

Cell constancy, about 1000 cells–do not keep growing

Question 13

Calanus

Answer 13

Important copepods

Question 14

Acartia

Answer 14

Important copepod

Question 15

Mysis

Answer 15

Important mysid (opossum shrimp)

Question 16

Neomysis

Answer 16

Important mysid (opossum shrimp)

Question 17

Euphausids

Answer 17

All marine, include Krill!!!, nest most important after copepods, important genera are Euphausia with complex development

Question 18

Euphausia

Answer 18

Important euphausid

Question 19

Pteropods

Answer 19

Gastropod with reduced or absent shell, foot modified as swimming organ

Question 20

Veliger larva

Answer 20

Planktonic larva in gastropods w/ bilateral symmetry that undergoes torsion

Question 21

Eunice

Answer 21

Genus of meroplanktonic annelid, Samoan Islands, atokes transform into reproductive epitokes tied to lunar period, synchonized mating swarms

Question 22

Epitokes

Answer 22

Reproductive forms by budding or direct transformation

Question 23

Sagitta

Answer 23

Arrow worms in Chaetognatha–sit and wait predators using mechanoreception

Question 24

Notochord

Answer 24

Supportive structure in phylum chordata

Question 25

Neoteny

Answer 25

Juvenile stage develops reproductive competence. Present in larvaceans.

Question 26

Salps

Answer 26

Pelagic tunicates, alternation of sexual and asexual reproduction, budding, high filtering rates, important Genus is Salpa

Question 27

Salpa

Answer 27

Important genus of salps

Question 28

New production

Answer 28

Comes from external inputs eg upwelling, coastal inputs

Question 29

Old production

Answer 29

Comes from recycled inputs

Question 30

Ingestion formula

Answer 30

I = C * F, where I is ingestion, C is number of cells and F is filtering rate. Created by Gordon Riley and Georges Bank.

Question 31

ILL

Answer 31

Incipient limiting level, critical concentration

Question 32

Reynolds number Re

Answer 32

Intertidal forces / viscous forces. When viscous forces are very high, low Re

Question 33

Phycosphere

Answer 33

Ring of leaked-out material around every algal cell, persists at low Re

Question 34

Foraging theory

Answer 34

Search time, handling time, efficiency of prey capture

Question 35

Fecal pellet

Answer 35

Compressed food that has had nutrients removed; released rapidly to prevent the animal from eating its own feces

Question 36

Factors of ingestion and assimilation rates

Answer 36

Food abundance and attributes of food, environmental factors, animal size, taxon specific considerations

Question 37

Patchiness

Answer 37

Neither uniform nor random, varying patch size.

Question 38

Causes of patchiness

Answer 38

Physical systems and water movements, behavior of organisms in response to gradients (phototaxis, tidal rhythms) and reproduction especially among coastal larvae, episodic release

Question 39

Vertical migration

Answer 39

Common, spectacular, large increase in total biomass. Stimulus is rate of change of light intensity

Question 40

Proximate cue

Answer 40

Physiological stimulus.

Question 41

Causes of vertical migration

Answer 41

No ultimate cause. Dispersal, food resources, benefit to growth efficiency, predation avoidance (most important factor)