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Marine Ecology > lecture 3 cards > Flashcards

lecture 3 cards Flashcards

1
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Points at different latitudes on the earth’s surface rotatee at different velocities, currents in N. hemisphere move clockwise and in s. hemisphere move counterclockwise

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2
Q

Prevailing winds, north to south

A

Polar easterlies, westerlies, northeast trade winds, southeast trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies

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3
Q

Air cells, from north to south

A

Polar cell, Ferrel cell, Hadley cell, Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, Polar cell

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4
Q

Eckman spiral

A

wind drives the surface water in a direction 45 degrees to the right of its path. Deeper waters continue to deflect to the right but move at a slower speed. **net water movement is at right angles to the wind direction

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5
Q

Low pressure system spirals

A

in Northern Hemisphere, cyclonic circulation around low pressure system, anticyclonic circulation around a high pressure system

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6
Q

Cyclonic

A

counter-clockwise

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7
Q

Anticyclonic

A

clockwise

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8
Q

Upwellings

A

Water moving vertically upwards under areas of low pressure. Brings nutrients to the surface, creates areas of high primary productivity.

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9
Q

Downwellings

A

Water moving vertically downwards under areas of high pressure. Restrict the supply of nutrients and cause areas of very low productivity.

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10
Q

Gyres

A

Large circular patterns of water movement because of coriolis effect, upwellings in the middle so there is water piled up in the center, gravity pulls the water downhill, creating a geostrophic current

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11
Q

Oligotrophic

A

Not much food available

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12
Q

Langmuir circulation

A

Small scales of circulation, mixes plankton organisms in the surface region, driven by the wind

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13
Q

Coastal upwellings

A

Upwellings along continental margins, on scales of 100s of kilometers

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14
Q

Ekman transport

A

Carries surface water away from continental margins, upwelled water replaces the water that moved away

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15
Q

Equatorial upwellings

A

created by the coriolis effect, drives water away from the equator and creates upwelling

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16
Q

Gulf Stream Eddies

A

large eddies formed by the gulf stream. North of the stream, eddies are warm and rotate clockwise, south they are cold and rotate counterclockwise

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17
Q

NADW

A

North Atlantic Deep Water, cold and salty, very dense, sinks and travels south

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18
Q

ABW

A

Antarctic Bottom Water, more dense than NADW, forces NADW to the surface

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19
Q

MOC

A

Meridional Overturning Circulation, thermohaline circulation or conveyor belt

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20
Q

Spring tides

A

When sun and moon are aligned, highest highs and lowest lows

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21
Q

Neap tides

A

When sun and moon are at 90 degree angles to each other, producing lower than average amplitudes of tides.

22
Q

Semidiurnal tidal cycles

A

Twice per day

23
Q

Diurnal tidal cycles

A

Typical, once per day

24
Q

Mixed tidal cycles

A

Large land effect. One higher high water, a lower high water

25
Q

Perihelion

A

When the earth is closest to the sun

26
Q

Perigee

A

When the moon is closest to the earth

27
Q

King tides

A

Occur when the moon and sun are aligned at the perigee and periholion

28
Q

Fetch

A

Length of open ocean over which the wind blows

29
Q

Crest

A

Highest point of the wave

30
Q

Height

A

Vertical distance from crest to trough

31
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between crests

32
Q

Period

A

Time it takes for a wave to go past a point

33
Q

Capillary waves

A

Light winds over water causing ripples less than 1.74 cm in length

34
Q

Gravity waves

A

Waves caused by wind greater than 4mph causing larger waves. Continue until water becomes shallow and they break in the surf

35
Q

Tsunamis

A

Seismic sea waves, caused by seismic activity on the seafloor, earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes. Very long and very fast moving

36
Q

ENSO

A

El Nino Southern Oscillation. Change in surface currents of southern oscillation over Pacific and Indian oceans

37
Q

La Nina

A

Opposite extreme of El Nino

38
Q

Divisions of the marine environment

A

Pelagic, benthic, neritic, oceanic

39
Q

Pelagic

A

Open ocean environment

40
Q

Benthic

A

Ocean bottom environment

41
Q

Neritic

A

From the shore out to 200m depth

42
Q

Oceanic

A

Area beyond the 200m contour

43
Q

Mesopelagic zone

A

Middle of the pelagic, oxygen minimum caused by decomposition. O2 minimum zone has expanded over the years because of global warming

44
Q

Plankton

A

Organisms that drift with ocean currents, classed by size

45
Q

Nekton

A

Organisms that move independently of currents

46
Q

Benthos

A

Organisms that live on or in bottom sediments

47
Q

Epifauna

A

Benthic organisms that live on the bottom sediments

48
Q

Infauna

A

Benthic organisms that live in the bottom sediments

49
Q

Classification of common dolphin

A

Metazoa, chordata, mammalia, odontocete, delphinidae, Delphinus delphis

50
Q

Classification of giant kelp

A

Protista, Phaoephyta, Phaeophycae, Laminariales, Lessoniaceae, Macrocystis pyrifera

Marine Ecology (9 decks)

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