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Marine Ecology > Lecture 7 cards > Flashcards

Lecture 7 cards Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the intertidal zone

A

Time of exposure to air (elevation/slope), aspect, substrate type

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2
Q

Sand beaches

A

Temporary habitats, interstitial community

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3
Q

Psammon

A

Interstitial community, have specializations, live between sand grains. Meiobenthos (100-1,000 um)

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4
Q

Beach characteristics of high energy

A

Steep, high wave action, unstable, water table sinks, low capillarity, high permeability, high oxygen, few bacteria, low organics

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5
Q

Beach characteristics of low energy

A

Shallow, low wave action, stable, water table at surface, high capillarity, low permeability, low oxgen, many bacteria, high organics

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6
Q

Zostera

A

Eelgrass, cold

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7
Q

Phyllospadix

A

Surfgrass, cold

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8
Q

Thalassia

A

Turtlegrass, warm

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9
Q

Spartina

A

Saltmarsh plant

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10
Q

Salicornia

A

Saltmarsh plant

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11
Q

Mangrove

A

Waxy leaves, salt glands, seeds/fruit germinate while still attached to tree, roots prop and aerial, example is Rhizophora

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12
Q

Highest high tide

A

At EHWS, between supralittoral and midlittoral

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13
Q

Lowest low tide

A

At ELWS, between midlittoral and infralittoral zones

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14
Q

EHWS

A

Extreme high level spring

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15
Q

MHWS

A

Mean high water spring

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16
Q

MHWN

A

Mean high water neap

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17
Q

MTL

A

Mean tide level

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18
Q

MLWN

A

Mean low water neap

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19
Q

ELWS

A

Extreme low water spring

20
Q

Factors controlling zones

A

Wave action, slope of rocks, sun/shade, competiton/predation

21
Q

Upper level factors

A

Physiological stresses

22
Q

Lower level factors

A

Biological interactions–space is at a premium, diversity can be very high

23
Q

Kelps

A

Laminaria, postelsia, Macrocystis, nereocystis

24
Q

Rockweeds

A

Fucus, ascophyllum, sargassum

25
Q

Rhodophyceae

A

Red algae, chlorophylls a and d, phycobilins, no flagellae, can occupy great depths. Polysiphonia, porphyra, chondrus, gigartina

26
Q

Chlorophyceae

A

Green algae, chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, starch, cellulose cell walls, flagellated cells. Macroalgae include Codium, Ulva, enteromorpha

27
Q

Intertidal zonation from highest to lowest

A

Lichen, bluegreen algal/littonina, barnacle, brown algal, red algal, laminaria (kelp) zone

28
Q

Verrucaria

A

Lichen

29
Q

Important bluegreen algae

A

Calothrix, Enteromorpha, Porphyra, Bangia

30
Q

Calothrix

A

Blue green algae adapted to environmental extremes with a thick mucilage sheath, prevents desiccation and rapid salinity changes, fixes nitrogen, sticks to rocks

31
Q

Littorina

A

Very important in bluegreen algae zone. Periwinkles, feed on algae with scraping teeth, have specialized gill structure to enable them to be out of water for extended period

32
Q

Orgs in the barnacle zone

A

Chthamalus, Balanus, Mytilus (mussels)

33
Q

Orgs in brown algae zone

A

Fucus, Ascophyllum, Polysiphonia (red algae), Ulva (green algae), gooseneck barnacles (Pollicipes)

34
Q

Important orgs in the red algae zone

A

Chondrus crispus, gigartina stellata, sea anemone (anthopleura), starfish, chitons

35
Q

Orgs in the laminaria zone

A

Sea urchins, kelps, lobsters, sea anemones, other kelps (Macrocystis, Nereocystis)

36
Q

Feeding patterns

A

Suspension, deposit, herbivore browsers, carnivores/scavengers

37
Q

Suspension Feeding

A

Sheets of mucus, ciliary action/mucus, setae, tentacles/tube feet, choanocytes, passive

38
Q

Deposit feeding

A

Swallowers, tentacles, surface-siphon, setose-deposit

39
Q

Herbivore browsers

A

Scrapers, wood feeders, symbiosis/zooxanthellae (corals, Tridachna)

40
Q

Carnivores and scavengers

A

Anthopleura, nudibranchs, snails, crabs, starfish, urchins

41
Q

Katharina

A

Chiton, indirect mutualism. Eats macroalgae which would naturally outcompete microalgae, which are food for limpets. Therefore when Katharina is present, limpets are present.

42
Q

Keystone species concept

A

When a high trophiic level species exerts a disproportionate influence on a community structure. Examples include Mytilus, Pisaster, Nucella

43
Q

Pisaster example

A

Mytilus monopolizes space, Pisaster prefers to eat it. When Pisaster is removed, Mytilus extends deeper by 3 meters and diversity decreases dramatically

44
Q

Bacteria in intertidal zone

A

High surface-volume ratio, heterotrophic advantage, new counting techniques include epifluorescence and flow cytometry. Main role in the ocean is recycling, using aerobic and anaerobic respiration, denitricitation and sulfate reduction

45
Q

Riftia

A

Pogonophoran tube worms, live near hydrothermal vents, 1 meter long, obligate mutualistic relationship with sulfide oxidizing bacteria, have trophosome (food body that contains cells with the bacteria), specialized hemoglobin that carries both oxygen and hydrogen sulfide simultaneously

46
Q

Microbial food web

A

Includes Microbial loop which feeds into phytoplankton

Marine Ecology (9 decks)

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