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Marine Ecology > Lecture 7 cards > Flashcards

Lecture 7 cards Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of the intertidal zone

A

Time of exposure to air (elevation/slope), aspect, substrate type

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2
Q

Sand beaches

A

Temporary habitats, interstitial community

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3
Q

Psammon

A

Interstitial community, have specializations, live between sand grains. Meiobenthos (100-1,000 um)

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4
Q

Beach characteristics of high energy

A

Steep, high wave action, unstable, water table sinks, low capillarity, high permeability, high oxygen, few bacteria, low organics

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5
Q

Beach characteristics of low energy

A

Shallow, low wave action, stable, water table at surface, high capillarity, low permeability, low oxgen, many bacteria, high organics

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6
Q

Zostera

A

Eelgrass, cold

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7
Q

Phyllospadix

A

Surfgrass, cold

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8
Q

Thalassia

A

Turtlegrass, warm

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9
Q

Spartina

A

Saltmarsh plant

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10
Q

Salicornia

A

Saltmarsh plant

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11
Q

Mangrove

A

Waxy leaves, salt glands, seeds/fruit germinate while still attached to tree, roots prop and aerial, example is Rhizophora

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12
Q

Highest high tide

A

At EHWS, between supralittoral and midlittoral

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13
Q

Lowest low tide

A

At ELWS, between midlittoral and infralittoral zones

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14
Q

EHWS

A

Extreme high level spring

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15
Q

MHWS

A

Mean high water spring

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16
Q

MHWN

A

Mean high water neap

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17
Q

MTL

A

Mean tide level

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18
Q

MLWN

A

Mean low water neap

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19
Q

ELWS

A

Extreme low water spring

20
Q

Factors controlling zones

A

Wave action, slope of rocks, sun/shade, competiton/predation

21
Q

Upper level factors

A

Physiological stresses

22
Q

Lower level factors

A

Biological interactions–space is at a premium, diversity can be very high

23
Q

Kelps

A

Laminaria, postelsia, Macrocystis, nereocystis

24
Q

Rockweeds

A

Fucus, ascophyllum, sargassum

25
Rhodophyceae
Red algae, chlorophylls a and d, phycobilins, no flagellae, can occupy great depths. Polysiphonia, porphyra**, chondrus**, gigartina
26
Chlorophyceae
Green algae, chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, starch, cellulose cell walls, flagellated cells. Macroalgae include Codium**, Ulva**, enteromorpha
27
Intertidal zonation from highest to lowest
Lichen, bluegreen algal/littonina, barnacle, brown algal, red algal, laminaria (kelp) zone
28
Verrucaria
Lichen
29
Important bluegreen algae
Calothrix, Enteromorpha, Porphyra, Bangia
30
Calothrix
Blue green algae adapted to environmental extremes with a thick mucilage sheath, prevents desiccation and rapid salinity changes, fixes nitrogen, sticks to rocks
31
Littorina
Very important in bluegreen algae zone. Periwinkles, feed on algae with scraping teeth, have specialized gill structure to enable them to be out of water for extended period
32
Orgs in the barnacle zone
Chthamalus, Balanus, Mytilus (mussels)
33
Orgs in brown algae zone
Fucus, Ascophyllum, Polysiphonia (red algae), Ulva (green algae), gooseneck barnacles (Pollicipes)
34
Important orgs in the red algae zone
Chondrus crispus, gigartina stellata, sea anemone (anthopleura), starfish, chitons
35
Orgs in the laminaria zone
Sea urchins, kelps, lobsters, sea anemones, other kelps (Macrocystis, Nereocystis)
36
Feeding patterns
Suspension, deposit, herbivore browsers, carnivores/scavengers
37
Suspension Feeding
Sheets of mucus, ciliary action/mucus, setae, tentacles/tube feet, choanocytes, passive
38
Deposit feeding
Swallowers, tentacles, surface-siphon, setose-deposit
39
Herbivore browsers
Scrapers, wood feeders, symbiosis/zooxanthellae (corals, Tridachna)
40
Carnivores and scavengers
Anthopleura, nudibranchs, snails, crabs, starfish, urchins
41
Katharina
Chiton, indirect mutualism. Eats macroalgae which would naturally outcompete microalgae, which are food for limpets. Therefore when Katharina is present, limpets are present.
42
Keystone species concept
When a high trophiic level species exerts a disproportionate influence on a community structure. Examples include Mytilus, Pisaster, Nucella
43
Pisaster example
Mytilus monopolizes space, Pisaster prefers to eat it. When Pisaster is removed, Mytilus extends deeper by 3 meters and diversity decreases dramatically
44
Bacteria in intertidal zone
High surface-volume ratio, heterotrophic advantage, new counting techniques include epifluorescence and flow cytometry. Main role in the ocean is recycling, using aerobic and anaerobic respiration, denitricitation and sulfate reduction
45
Riftia
Pogonophoran tube worms, live near hydrothermal vents, 1 meter long, obligate mutualistic relationship with sulfide oxidizing bacteria, have trophosome (food body that contains cells with the bacteria), specialized hemoglobin that carries both oxygen and hydrogen sulfide simultaneously
46
Microbial food web
Includes Microbial loop which feeds into phytoplankton

Marine Ecology (9 decks)

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