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Aging > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid

A

-The hormones it secretes are essential to all
growth and metabolism.
-The gland is a regulator of all body functions.
-Thyroid disorders are found in 0.8-5% of the
population and are 4 to 7 times more common
in women.

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2
Q

hypothyroid

A

underactive thyroid

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3
Q

hyperthyroid

A

overactive thyroid

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4
Q

hypothyroidism

A

weak slow heart beat *

  • muscular weakness and constant fatigue *
  • sensitivity to cold *
  • thick puffy skin and/or dry skin
  • slowed mental processes and poor memory *
  • constipation
  • goiter (increased size of the thyroid)
  • Treated with meds
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5
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

-rapid force heartbeat
-Tremor*
-muscular weakness*
-weight loss in spite of increased appetite*
-restlessness, anxiety and sleeplessness
-profuse sweating and heat intolerance*
-Diarrhea
-goiter (increased size of the thyroid)
-Treated with meds, radioactive iodine pills or
thyroidectomy

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6
Q

menopause- estrogen/progesterone

A

-When menstrual periods cease permanently and you
can no longer get pregnant. A full year since your last
period
-Average age – 52 (range – 45-58) or earlier if you
never had children or if you smoke
-Causes increased risk for CV disease, osteoporosis,
mood disorders, hot flashes, sleep disturbance
-Early or surgically-induced menopause (before 40)
uncovers risk factors earlier

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7
Q

metabolic syndrome

A
  • Abdominal obesity
  • High lipids
  • Increased BP
  • Insulin resistance
  • Pro–inflammatory state
  • Pro-thrombotic state
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8
Q

diabetes

A

-“a chronic condition that occurs when the body loses its ability to produce or
properly use insulin, a hormone that controls sugar levels in the blood.
There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2 and gestational
diabetes.” *
-The body either can’t produce insulin (type I) autoimmune disorder, or it
can’t use the insulin produced (type II) metabolic disorder
-90% of diabetes in adults is type II

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9
Q

risk factors for diabetes

A

High cholesterol/triglycerides

  • Sedentary
  • Family history
  • High BP
  • Aboriginal, Asian, Latin American or African ethnicity
  • Having a baby over 9 lbs
  • Being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder
  • Having been diagnosed with sleep apnea
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10
Q

glucose control

A

-Warning signs: shakiness, dizziness, light headed,
fatigue, tingling around mouth, irritability…
-Can happen during intense physical activity
-Treatment – fast acting carb - sugar
-Warning signs: frequent urination, increased thirst, blurred vision, fatigue,
headache can progress to fruity-smelling breath, weakness, confusion, nausea,
dry mouth, coma
-Treatment – insulin or medication

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11
Q

hypoglycemia

A

when blood sugar is too low

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12
Q

hyperglycemia

A

when blood sugar is too high

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13
Q

complications mircovasular

A

mircovasular: -Retinopathy (eyes)
- Neuropathy (nerves)
- Nephropathy (kidneys)

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14
Q

complications macrovasular

A
  • Cardiac
  • Hypertension
  • Infection
  • Impotence
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15
Q

benefits of exercise

A

-Decreases circulating blood sugar – less insulin
might be required
-Controls weight
-Controls CV risk factors
-Increases muscle mass
-Exercise increases binding of insulin
-Type I must match intensity to carb intake

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16
Q

recomendations for diabetes

A
  1. People with diabetes should accumulate 150 min of
    mod-vig aerobic ex. per week (should not go two days
    without).
     90-140 minutes provides lesser benefit
  2. Interval training recommended for those willing to
    perform it (low to mod intensity with work:rest 30 sec to 3
    minutes)
  3. RT at least twice a week (pref 3X) initially supervised by
    an exercise specialist
  4. Minimize sitting behaviours – break up
    long periods of sitting
  5. Goal setting, solving barriers and selfmonitoring
    should be performed with health
    care provider
  6. Using pedometer or accelerometer in
    comb with PA counselling, support and goal
    setting reinforces increased activity
  7. Reducing the risk of hypoglycemia
    during and after exercise
    a) reduce bolus dose of insulin most active at the time of
    exercise (eg. before dinner).
    b) Reduce or suspend basal insulin for exercise duration
    and lower basal rate overnight after exercise by 20%
    c) Increase carbs prior to, during and after exercise as
    necessary
    d) Perform resistance exercise before aerobic activity
  8. People with diabetes over 40 who want to do vigorous
    exercise (marathons) should be assessed (foot exam,
    resting ECG, GXT, neuropathy screening)
  9. Structured exercise programs with qualified trainers
    should be implemented when feasible
17
Q

stats on diabetes

A

MB stats – 2019 estimates: 6900 new
cases will be diagnosed and 2900 will die
-More common for people over 50 to be diagnosed

18
Q

ACSM guidelines for exercise prescription

A

-Aerobic: large muscle groups, 305 days a week, 20-
60 minute sessions (symptom limited 40=60% HRR)
-Strength: 1-3 sets, 3-5 reps building to 8-15 reps, 2-
3 days a week for 20-30 minutes
-Symptom limited intensity
-Flexibility 5-7 days, 2-4 reps/stretch, 20-30
sec/stretch
-Functional – balance and gait daily

19
Q

in order to prescribe you must know

A

In order to prescribe exercise, you must know:

  • Type/area affected
  • Past and current medical history
  • Treatments and side effects
  • Medications and side effects
  • Signs and symptoms
  • Functional capacity
  • Comorbidities
20
Q

your prescription will be altered by

A

-Disease-specific physical limitations:
-Pain in affected or surrounding area (esp.
musculoskeletal system)
-Shortness of breath – common with lung
-Neural deficits and seizures – disease in brain

21
Q

treatment specific limitations

A

-Fatigue – most types of cancer
-Amputations
-Scarring on organs from chemo or radiation
-Anemia or cardiomyopathies from medications
-Radiation dermatitis – decreases ROM – painful
skin

22
Q

considerations for exercise

A

-Assess general health prior to each exercise session
-Adapt session to cycle of treatment participant may be in (active
treatment, vs between treatments)
-Uncontrolled vomiting, diarrhea, fever or pain should not exercise
-Low platelet count – prevent falls and other risks to bleeding
-Possibly low oxygen carrying capacity due to anemia
-May have PICC or central line for treatment

23
Q

lymphedema

A

-Swelling, heaviness of arm often result of breast cancer
surgery, lymph node removal, blockage or damage from
radiation. Typically triggered by overuse of arms.
-Gradual resistance exercise progression may improve
lymphedema and reduce flare ups compared to those
who don’t do resistance training.

Aging (17 decks)

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