Lecture 2

Question 1

Gerontology

Answer 1

the study of aging

Question 2

Aging

Answer 2

a process or group of processes occurring in living
organisms that, with the passage of time, lead to a loss of
adaptability, functional impairment and eventually death

Question 3

Healthy aging

Answer 3

is about creating the environments and
opportunities that enable people to be and do what they
value throughout their lives

Question 4

age categories

Answer 4

Middle age 45-65 (senior is 65)
Young old 65-74
Old 75-84
Old- old 85-99 (fastest growing segment of society)
Oldest- old 100+ (centenarians)

Question 5

primary aging

Answer 5

universal changes with age
within a species or population that are
independent of disease or environmental influence

Question 6

secondary aging

Answer 6

clinical symptoms which

include the effects of the environment and disease

Question 7

types of ages

Answer 7

Chronological
Functional
Biological
Relative
Psychological
Social
There is no universal definition or measure of aging

Question 8

life span

Answer 8

the maximum length of time we

can live under ideal conditions (115-120 years)

Question 9

life expectancy

Answer 9

the number of years we

are expected to live at any given age

Question 10

life expectancy canada

Answer 10

At birth: Females: 83.8 years & Males: 79.6 years

At age 65: females: 88.8 years Males: 86.5 years*

Question 11

demographics

Answer 11

By 2050, 1 in 4 Canadians will be over 65
In 2016 Canadians over 65 years outnumber those under 15 years
In 2017, there are 8,230 Canadians over the age of 100, and there are
five times more women in this group.

Question 12

what percent of canadians over 65 have a chronic condition

Answer 12

90 percent of Canadians aged 65 and over live with at least one chronic
disease or condition, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory
conditions, diabetes, dementia, arthritis or obesity

Question 13

why do we live longer now

Answer 13

Control of major communicable diseases
Improved public sanitation and public health
Decrease in childhood mortality
Cardiovascular and cancer detection and
treatments improved (decrease in premature
deaths)
Increased knowledge and health practices including
physical activity

Question 14

but now we also have

Answer 14

problems of affulence: fast food, cars & cleaning services. We also have poverty and isolation

Question 15

morbidity

Answer 15

the condition in which an individual is so physically or mentally disabled by chronic disease that she becomes immobile and dependent on the care of others

Question 16

mortality

Answer 16

death rate/1000/year

Question 17

compression of morbidity

Answer 17

-shortening the period of time an individual lives in a
state of morbidity
-successful aging right up until the end and then a drop off clif

Question 18

heterogeneity of aging

Answer 18

1. Physically dependent (24 hour care)
2. Physically frail (basic ADL’s but can’t live independently)
3. Physically independent (have low health and fitness)
4. Physically fit (exercise 2x/week)
5. Physically elite (train for competition or demanding job)

Question 19

whole person wellness

Answer 19

◦ Physical health
◦ Social health
◦ Emotional health
◦ Intellectual health
◦ Spiritual health
◦ Vocational health
◦ ?environmental health