Lecture 15

Question 1

high risk participants

Answer 1

• History of heart
disease
• Smoker
• High lipids
• Obese
• Diabetic
• Dizzy
• Sedentary
• Family history
• Type A personality
• Other medical
conditions

Question 2

signs of distress

Answer 2

• Light-headed/dizzy
• Chest pain
• Excessive shortness of breath
• Excessive sweating
• Pallor
• Nausea
• Irregular pulse
• Confusion
• Sharp leg pain

Question 3

common musculoskeletal injuries

Answer 3

• Plantar fasciitis
• Shin pain
• Sprains/strains
• Low back pain
• Shoulder/neck area
• Arthritis (where?)
• Bursitis

Question 4

environmental stress

Answer 4

• Cold causes vasoconstriction which increases load on heart
• More related to body composition than age
• Energy cost of activity increases in cold
• More susceptible to hypothermia, frost bite (thin skin, poor
circulation)
• Cold air may provoke respiratory concerns

Question 5

heat

Answer 5

• Heat tolerance is minimally compromised by age but is more
effected by low VO2Max
• Heat increases demand for skin blood flow which is not as
effective in seniors
• Older adults may have poor heat tolerance (may not sweat –
internalize heat)
• Dehydration more of a concern due to renal function and
reduced thirst sensitivity

Question 6

sudden death

Answer 6

• The risk of cardiac emergency is higher with exercise,
particularly in those with cardiac disease or a high cardiac risk
profile
• Usually a lethal ventricular arrhythmia in seniors
• However, a sedentary individual is still at a higher risk of
sudden death than someone who is regularly active

Question 7

dealing with risks

Answer 7

• Know your participants (medical history, ability)
• Close supervision – watch for signs of distress
• Exercise counseling – self-monitoring of intensity
• Safe facility
• Good warm-up/cool down
• Gradual progression
• Appropriate modifications for ability, sensory deficit or
injury/disease
• Counsel: diet, meds, water
• Proper clothing and footwear

Question 8

emergency procedures

Answer 8

• All fitness leaders with any certification required emergency
level first aid and CPR
• Have a plan…
• Who is trained to help?
• Who can go for help?
• What other info do you need for EMS?
• Regularly review your facility and equipment to identify
potential for injuries
• Must keep all medical information private

Question 9

facility safety

Answer 9

• Lighting
• Equipment upkeep
• Supervision
• Phone
• Water
• Temperature control
• Emergency procedures
• Automated Electronic
Defibrillators (AED)
• Obstacles
• flooring
• Instructor knowledge
• Music level
• Washrooms
• First aid kit – other safety
equipment

Question 10

relationship instructor and client

Answer 10

• Your first impression will determine the basis of your
relationship for any group or client
• Health information does NOT have to be shared but it is in the
client’s best interest
• What would you do if you felt that the client was not being
honest about their health?
• Gain enough assessment to not exhaust the individual and
turn them off activity

Question 11

screening

Answer 11

Complete Health History
• Clients wants/needs/lifestyle?
• Work/vol/retired?
• Present activity level (F,I and T)
• History of injury? Rehab? Meds? Physio…
• Some form of pre-exercise health appraisal

Question 12

assessment: functional movement screen

Answer 12

• This is a certification you can get for specific training in these
movements that will guide or inform your prescription.
• SMFA – selective functional movement assessment for those
with pain
• FMS – functional movement screen – 1.5 day course can be
taken online
• YBT – Y balance test – online
• FCS – fundamental capacity screen – sport based testing

Question 13

possible assessment tests

Answer 13

• Postural assessment
• Balance – one foot stance, different surfaces
• Timed up and Go
• Flexibility –
• back scratch
• chair sit and reach
• Strength – bicep / sit to stand in 30 seconds
• 6 minute walk (number of laps to the nearest quarter) or
two minute step test