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BIOA02 module 2 > lecture 9 > Flashcards

lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of heat exchanges

A

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporative het loss

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2
Q

how do fish thermoregulate

A

closer to homeotherm (take on temp of deep sea that is at constant temp) closer to surface = poikilotherm

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3
Q

how do birds thermoregulate

A

heterothermy - during hibernation, reduce body temp in the cold to save resources

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4
Q

how do aquatic ectotherms thermoregulate (and exceptions)

A

take on temp of water

large fish like sharks and tuna can thermoregulate

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5
Q

how do terrestrial ectotherms thermoregulate

A

by behavioural means

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6
Q

how is global warming affecting antarctic borks

A

borks = poikilotherms, can only live in between 1-2 degrees

enzyme acetylcholesterase - breaks down acetylcholine into choline and CoA only functions at 1-2 degrees

without breaking down, overstimulation die

binding affinity of acetylcholesterase in borks drops significantly compared to mullets

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7
Q

what is sarin gas

A

nerve gas that inhibits acetylcholesterase

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8
Q

how do lizards (ectotherm) thermoregulate

A

behavioural

at night, in burrow
in the day, move in the sun/shade, off the ground, into trees

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9
Q

how do ectotherms tolerate freezing

A

freeze only ECF and not intracellular so organelles still work

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10
Q

how do ectotherms avoid freezing

A

1) antifreeze compounds that prevent freezing. a higher concentration = more effective. ex. sugar alcohol
2) glycoproteins = proteins with AA backbone attached to sugar residue - prevents ice crystals from getting too big

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11
Q

can antifreeze be measured in molarity

A

no, it is not biological

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12
Q

what do endotherms use (in the brain) to thermoregulate

A

the hypothalamus

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13
Q

what happened in the experiment testing for the hypothalamus

A

electrode inserted into hypo to trick it into thinking it is too hot or cold, it will make body temp cool or increase

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14
Q

what is the temperature set point

A

the body temp that the hypo works to maintain

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15
Q

what happens when body temp goes below temp set point

A

hypo - heat producing centre, shivering, vasoconstriction

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16
Q

what happens when body temp goes above temp set point

A

hypo - heat loss centre, sweat glands, vasodilation

17
Q

what are insulator defences against the cold

A

beaver dam - going inside the lodge to become warm t

18
Q

what are insulator defences against the heat

A

camels, pelage, reflect the sun and heat during the day

19
Q

what is the adaptations to climate of species in regards to TNZ

A

arctic animals have a lower lower crtiical tempeature and a wider TNZ

tropical animals are more temp dependent

20
Q

what is cutaneous blood flow against the heat

A

vasodilation

21
Q

what is cutaneous blood flow against the cold

A

vasoconstriction

22
Q

if hypo is the control, what are the effectors of cutaneous blood flow

A

blood arterioles

23
Q

what is temperature recycling against the heat

A

camels, let themselves heat up during the day, cool off during the night

if they thermoregulated during the day, there would be evaporative heat loss and they would lose too much water

squirrel - going in and out of the burrow to heat up and cool down - periodic activity of temperature

24
Q

how does brain cooling in some animals work

A

arterial (warm) blood - carotid artery - carotid rete mirabile - brain

venous (cool) blood, cooled from nostrils in nasal region - nasal vein - pools at sinus - cools blood at carotid rete mirabile (or to facial vein - jugular vein - body)

25
Q

what is shivering thermogenesis

A

uncoordinated contraction of muscle

con: disturb air flow, may transfer heat by convection

26
Q

what is non-shivering thermogenesis

A

brown fat/brown adipose with a lot of mitochondria with small lipid vacuoles

hypo - detect cold - activate sympathetic nerves - adrenal gland releases noradrenaline - activate heat production in brown fat

neonatal/hibernating

adults, white fat, large lipid vacuole and little mitochondria

27
Q

what is heterothermy - torporwhat

A

depression of MR, heat production, body temp, O2 use to save energy

mini hibernations in circadian rhythms

MR drops less than 70%, body temp remains above12 degrees

28
Q

what is heterothermy - hibernation

A

90%+ drop in MR, low body temp

29
Q

what is a hibernation bout and what is it used for

A

animal drops body temperature for long period then increases it for a few days before going back down

temp going up is for sleeping

30
Q

describe bear hibernation

A

hibernate because of food shortages more than for the cold, easily aroused, body temp remains above 31 degrees

BIOA02 module 2 (10 decks)

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