lecture 5 Flashcards
describe a closed circulatory system
blood, vessels are all connected
heart - blood - arteries - capillaries - gas exchange - veins - heart
high pressure, high blood flow, efficient O2 delivery, direct blood to individual organs, vertebrates
describe an open circulatory system
haemolymph - artieries - body cavity - veins - heart
low pressure, not efficient, invertebrates
describe the human/mammalian heart
deoxygenated blood from venous system - superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - oxygenate - pulmonary vein - left atria - left ventricle - aorta - body
what are the two circuits in the human heart
pulmonary circuit - low pressire
systemic circuit - high pressure
what are the two types of valves in the human heart
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves (right ventricle/pulmonary artery) (left ventricle/aorta)
describe the mammalian fetal circulation and the bypasses
blood via placenta
breathing amniotic fluid = no O2
blood - umbilical vein
1) right atria - foramen ovale - left atria
2) right atria - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - ductus arteriosus - aorta
close upon birth
what are two examples of ccephalopods
squid and ocotpus
describe the cephalopod circulation
2 brachial hearts, 1 systemic heart
deoxygenated blood - brachial hearts - gas exchange - oxygenated - systemic heart - systemic tissue - deoxygenated - brachial hearts
hemocyanin gives blue hue
how many chambers are in the fish heart
4 chambers
which chamber in the fish heart gives the most contractile force
ventricle
how does the blood move through the fish heart
sinus venous - sinoatrial valve - atrium - atrioventricular valve - ventricle - bulbus arteriosus
what is the windkessel vessel
used by the bulbus arteriosus, contracting to squeeze out the blood, relaxing to pump blood in
where is the heart located in the fish
ventral side
how many sets of capillary beds are in a fish circulatory system
2 - one at the gills and one in the body
what is the fish circulation
deoxygenated blood - venous system - ventral aorta - gills (capillary bed) - oxygenated blood - dorsal aorta - systemic circulation (capillary beds)
what is the purpose of gills in lungfish
vestigial structures
what is the circulator system of lungfish
deoxygenated - right atria - right ventricle - lower gills - pulmonary artery - lungs - oxygenated - left atria - left ventricle - upper gill - dorsal aorta - systemic circulation - deoxygenated
where does mixing of blood happen in the lungfish heart
gill bypass
how many chambers does the amphibian heart have and what are they
3: right atria, left atria, 1 ventricle
what is the circulation of an amphibian heart
deoxygenated - sinus venosus - right atria - ventricle - conus arteriosus - left and right pulmucutaneous arteries - skin and lungs - gas exchange - oxygenated - pulmonary vein - left atria - ventricle - conus arteriosus - systemic artery (sub-clavian and carotid) and left pulmocutaneous artery - tissue - gas exchange
how is mixing of blood in the ventricles of amphibian hearts managed
timing of contractions of left and right atrium, conus arteriosus
what is the difference between crocodilian and non-crocodilian hearts
chambers in crocodilian hearts are separated while chambers in non-crocodilian hearts are not
what is the circulation of crocodilian hearts
deoxygenated blood - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery (or left aorta to systemic circulation) - lungs - oxygenated - pulmonary vein - left atrium - left ventricle - right and left aorta - systemic
what is the bypass between the left and right aorta of the crocodilian heart called
foramen of panizza
