Lecture 9 (2/19)

Question 1

Cerebellum (Overview)

Answer 1

Lies dorsally to the pons and the medulla

Separated from the brainstem by the fourth ventricle

Connected to the brainstem through Cerebellar Peduncles

Entire surface made up of folia

Question 2

Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 2

Located on the pons

Connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

Question 3

Folia

Answer 3

Tightly packed gyri that compose the entire surface of the cerebellum

Question 4

Cerebellum (Function)

Answer 4

Contributes to the coordination of movement
Does NOT initiate movement

Modifies motor information from the cortex

Maintains equilibrium

Compares motor activities to increase precision and smoothness of movement

Question 5

Cortical Motor Function

Answer 5

The modification of motor information coming from the cortex in the cerebellum

Question 6

Damage to the Cerebellum

Answer 6

Effects:
Mild weakness
Tremors
Paucity of movement
Muscular incoordination 
Impaired equilibrium 

Problems are ipsilateral

Question 7

Ataxia

Answer 7

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Incoordination of movement with an unsteady gate

Looks like a heavily intoxicated person

Question 8

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 8

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Impaired ability to coordinate or perform sequences of movements, especially RAPID, ALTERNATING movements
Ex. “pataka”

Question 9

Dysmetria

Answer 9

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Impaired ability to estimate or judge the range of voluntary movement

Patients fail to judge correctly the distance of a target from a point during motor behavior

Question 10

Dyssyngeria

Answer 10

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Condition in which the patient exhibits jerky, uneven, and tremulous movements (ALL MOVEMENTS, GENERAL MOVEMENTS)
Ex. Asking the patient to touch his nose

Question 11

Dysarthria

Answer 11

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Speech disorder marked by slow, slurred, and disjointed production of syllables

Question 12

Intention Tremor

Answer 12

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

The patient exhibits difficulty during the performance of tasks using skilled movement (SKILLED MOVEMENTS, INCREASES IN INTENSITY)

Tremor becomes more severe as the patient approaches the target
Ex. Pointing at one’s nose

Disrupts timing of muscular excursion

Question 13

Hypotonia

Answer 13

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

A reduction of muscle tone and tension

The patient exhibits loss of muscle tone and therefore the muscle resists passive stretching

Question 14

Rebounding

Answer 14

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Reduced ability to predict or stop a movement
“Keeps you from hitting your own face when your arm is released”

Question 15

Disequilibrium

Answer 15

Disorder caused by damage to the cerebellum

Shows unsteadiness in their gait

The body tends to slide towards the side of the body that has experienced damage