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Neuro > Lecture 7 (2/10) > Flashcards

Lecture 7 (2/10) Flashcards

1
Q

Glial Cells

A

Main function is to protect and support neurons/nerve cells

Typically small in size

Do NOT transfer information, do NOT generate active electrical signals

2 Types:
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

Astrocytes

A

One of 2 main types of Macroglia cells

Star-shaped cells with irregulars shaped cell bodies and numerous extensions

2 Main Classes:
Fibrous
Protoplasmic

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3
Q

Fibrous Astrocytes

A

A type of astrocyte; type of glial cell

Found in white matter

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4
Q

Protoplasmic Astrocyte

A

A type of astrocyte; type of glial cell

Found mostly in grey matter

Have shorter extensions

Associated with nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses - they envelop synapses

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5
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

One of 2 main types of Macroglia cells

Small, with few processes

Found in myelinated fiber tracts in the CNS
They wrap around axons and contribute to the formation of myelin sheaths

Multiple sclerosis involves the gradual death of these cells

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6
Q

Schwan

A

Macroglia cells/glial cells

Found in the PNS

Form myelin sheath around the axons of peripheral neurons

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7
Q

Ependymal

A

Macroglia cells/glial cells

Line the ventricles (cavities) which are filled with CSF

They produce/secrete CSF

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8
Q

Microglia

A

A class of glial cells

Found scattered through the brain

Look like a small, hair spider

Type:
Phagocyte

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9
Q

Macroglia

A

A class of glial cells

Includes:
Astrocytes (fibrous & Protoplasmic)
Oligodendrocytes 
Schwan
Ependymal
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10
Q

Phagocyte

A

A type of microglia/glial cell

Cells that dispose of cellular debris; garbage collectors

Help seal off damaged brain tissue: rush to site of injury and clean up dead cells

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11
Q

Brain Stem

A

3 Main Parts:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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12
Q

Midbrain (General)

A

Part of the brain stem

Connects the brain stem to the diencephalon above and the pons below

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13
Q

Midbrain (Structures)

A

Cerebral Peduncle
Interpedunclur Fossa

Cranial Nerve IV

2 Important Nuclei:
Inferior Colliculus
Superior Colliculus

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14
Q

Cerebral Peduncles

A

Large swellings on the anterior, lateral surface of the midbrain

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15
Q

Interpedunculur Fossa

A

Deep grooves or sulci between the cerebral peduncles

Cranial Nerve III emerges from them

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16
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

Important nucleus in the midbrain

Concerned with auditory info
The Lateral lemniscus is a tract that runs into the inferior colliculus and provides it with auditory information

17
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

Important nucleus in the midbrain

Carries visual information to the midbrain

18
Q

Pons

A

A portion of the brainstem

Cerebellar Peduncles connect the brainstem and cerebellum
There are 3;
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Lesions on the anterior portion of the pons can cause Locked-in Syndrome.

19
Q

Locked-in Syndrome

A

Caused by a lesion to the anterior portion of the pons

Patients with this condition are unable to talk even though they are conscious

20
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Lies between the pons and the spinal cord

Main Structures:
Pyramid
Pyramidal Tract
Nucleus Cuneatus
Nucleus Gracilis
Fasciculus Cuneatus 
Fasciculus Gracilis 
5 Cranial Nerves (8-12)
21
Q

Pyramid

A

A nucleus on the anterior surface of the Medulla

Axons of cells in the pre central gyrus travel through the pyramid on their way to the spinal cord

These axons form the Pyramidal Tract

22
Q

Pyramidal Tract

A

A dense band of fibers made of axons that travel from the pre central gyrus on their way to the spinal cord

23
Q

Pyramidal Decussation

A

Occurs when the axons traveling on the pyramidal tract reach the pyramid and switch sides

24
Q

Nucleus Cuneatus & Nucleus Gracilis

A

Nuclei where cells traveling from the spinal cord pass through when traveling up to the cortex.

They form tracts called Fasciculus Cuneatus and Fasciculus Gracilis

25
Q

Fasciculus Cuneatus & Fasciculus Gracilis

A

Bands created by cells from the spinal cord

These cells synapse with the Nucleus Cuneatus and the Nucleus Gracilis

26
Q

Cranial Nerves in the Medulla

A

There are 5

Numbers 8-12

27
Q

Damage to the Medulla

A

Causes Vertigo/dizziness, paralysis of the muscles in the throat/larynx, and combinations of sensory loss in limbs and face

28
Q

Ventricles

A

Cavities

4 Main
2 Lateral Ventricles (one in each hemisphere)
1 Third Ventricle
1 Fourth Ventricle

29
Q

Lateral Venticles

A

There are 2, 1 in each hemisphere

They are connected to the third ventricle by the Foramen of Monro

30
Q

Foramen of Monro

A

Connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle

31
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Located in the diencephalon

Connected to the fourth ventricle by the Cerebral Aqueduct

32
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Connects the third and fourth ventricles

33
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

Located in the pons and the upper part of the medulla

Smallest ventricle

Ends in subarachnoid space

34
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Contained in ventricles

A spongey mass of tissue which is the primary producer of CSF

Neuro (22 decks)

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