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Neuro > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Brain - General Info

A

Divided into 2 hemispheres, right and left
Avg human brain weighs 3 lbs
88% water, 12% neurons, glial cells, and connective tissue

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2
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

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3
Q

Descriptive divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

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4
Q

Cerebrum

A

What you see from the outside of the brain

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5
Q

Convolutions

A

Ridges and valleys on the surface of the brain

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6
Q

Gyri/Gyrus

A

The ridges on the brain’s surface

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7
Q

Sulci/Sulcus

A

The valleys on the brain’s surface

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8
Q

Fissures

A

Deep sulcus

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9
Q

Superior Longitudinal Fissure/Interhemispheric Fissure

A

The deepest and longest of the fissures; runs between the two hemispheres

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10
Q

Lateral/Sylvian Fissure

A

The fissure on the lateral surface of the brain

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11
Q

Central/Rolandic Fissure

A

Superior to lateral fissure

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12
Q

Transverse Fissure

A

Separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

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13
Q

Frontal Lobe (Location)

A

The lower boundary of the frontal lobe is the lateral fissure, the upper boundary of the frontal lobe is the central fissure.

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe (Structural Overview)

A

Primary Motor Cortex/Precentral Gyrus
Olfactory Tract & Olfactory Bulb
Broca’s Area

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15
Q

Primary Motor Cortex/Precentral Gyrus

A

A structure in the frontal lobe

Involved in the voluntary control of skilled movement of muscles that are contralateral

Injury to this area will cause paralysis to a place on the body contralateral to the site of injury

The body parts are disproportionally represented in the primary motor cortex (some parts of the body have a lot of the cortex devoted to them)

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16
Q

Homunculus

A

The disproportionate representation of body parts in the primary motor cortex

17
Q

Olfactory Tract & Olfactory Bulb

A

Allows us to smell

Inferior side of the brain, two white lines with bulbs at the end, one in each hemisphere

18
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Only on the left hemisphere

Responsible for speech production

Formed by 3 Structures:
Pars Triangularis
Pars Orbitalis
Pars Opercularis

19
Q

Parietal Lobe (Overview)

A

Shares boundaries with all other lobes

Controls perception, visual spacial information, touch, and body awareness

Injury to this area causes Tactile Agnosia/Astereognosis and Visual Spacial Impairment

20
Q

Parietal Lobe Structures

A

Postcentral Gyrus/Somatosensory Cortex

Angular Gyrus

Supramarginal Gyrus

21
Q

Tactile Agnosia/Astereognosis

A

Caused by injury to the parietal lobe

A disorder in which the patient is unable to recognize objects by touch even though they have intact ability for tactile perception

22
Q

Visual Spacial Impairment

A

Caused by injury to the parietal lobe

A disorder in which the patient is unable to copy geometrical figures, has difficulty discriminating complex visual stimuli

23
Q

Postcentral Gyrus/Somatosensory Cortex

A

Processes sensory (somesthetic = skins, tendons, and joints) information contralaterally

Ex. Pain, temperature, touch, and pressure

24
Q

Angular Gyrus & Supramarginal Gyrus

A

Structures important for language reception and object recognition; facilitate integration of information related to hearing, vision, and touch

Damage to these areas in the left hemisphere lead to issues in language reception and object recognition

25
Q

Temporal Lobe (Structural Overview)

A

3 Primary Gyri we need to know:

Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Superior Temporal Gyrus (Left Temporal Hemisphere)

26
Q

Left Temporal Lobe

A

involved in verbal sound comprehension (written and spoken language)

27
Q

Right Temporal Lobe

A

Right temporal lobe is involved in nonverbal language comprehension (Sounds and music)

Right temporal lobe also processes complex visual stimuli

28
Q

Primary Gyri of the Temporal Lobe

A

Inferior Temporal Gyrus

Middle Temporal Gyrus

Superior Temporal Gyrus (Left Temporal Hemisphere)
the posterior portion of this is responsible for language comprehension
AKA Wernicke’s Area AKA Superior, posterior temporal gyrus

Heschl’s Gyrus or Transverse Temporal Gyrus or Primary auditory cortex

Responsible for audition/hearing
Receives input from each ear from both hemispheres

Neuro (22 decks)

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