Lecture 9

Question 1

mitochondria

Answer 1

highly folded internal membrane increased surface area for electron transport chain. there is compartmentalisation to set up proton gradients. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm. Krebs cycle occurs in the membrane as with electron transport chain

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

glucose is split via adding ATP to the system and phosphate groups to the end of the glucose, making it a biphosphate which breaks down. The product is then broken down to pyruvate. Some electrons from glucose reduce NAD+ to NADH.

Question 3

Krebs cycle

Answer 3

link reaction occur, turning pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. As it goes around the cycle, electrons are getting stripped off and caried away.

Question 4

electron transport chain

Answer 4

electrons pass through 4 protein complexes. As they flow through, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intramembrane space. This results a high protein conc. in the intermembane space and so, they want to diffuse back into the matrix via ATP synthase. This provides the energy that phosphorylates ADP to ATP. At the last protein complex, the electron is picked up by O and converts to H2O.

Question 5

mitochondria vs chloroplast

Answer 5

Similarities: both membrane bound, internal membrane, compartmentalisation, ATP synthase and protein complex in ETC

Differences: Mitochondria folded internal membrane, chloroplast stacked, chloroplast has electrons excite from sunlight whereas mitochondria gets electrons from glucose, water is split in chloroplast. terminal acceptor NADP (O for mito.)