Lecture 13

Question 1

connective tissue

Answer 1

composed of fibres, cells and ground substance (incl. H2O in cells, salts etc.). Non-living part= fibres and ground substance (matrix)

Question 2

epithelial tissue

Answer 2

stacked on connective tissue

Question 3

muscular tissue

Answer 3

skeletal muscle: attached to skeleton (responsible for movement) voluntary movement. striations

myocardium: forms the heart-responsible for pumping blood. involuntary movement. striations

smooth: located in the tissue responsible for controlling diameter of structures and peristalsis. Involuntary movement

Question 4

basil laminar

Answer 4

sheet of matrix that the e.t is adhered to.

Question 5

apical region

Answer 5

top of epithelial

Question 6

types of epithelial sheets

Answer 6

simple: one cell thick
stratified: multiple cells thick
pseudostratified: appears stratified but is 1 cell thick
Squamous: flattened
Cuboidal: cube-like
Columnar: column-like

Question 7

desmosome

Answer 7

the tight junction between e.t cells. They are strong due to intermediate filaments. No water passes through

Question 8

Active transport

Answer 8

transports glucose to epithelial cells in intestine

Question 9

cancer

Answer 9

often forms in e.t due to short cell cycle. Tumours may remain benign before turning malignant as they are surrounded by basal laminar which can hold back metastasises.

Question 10

protein based hormones

Answer 10

acts through nucleus (causes transcription and translation), slower (mins to hours) or goes through cytoplasm and alters enzyme activity/change cell shape

Question 11

cell signals

Answer 11

Steroid: straight through membrane to nucleus, turning on a gene

Neurotransmitter: goes to receptor which opens channel and ions rush into cell

Protein hormones: triggers messenger system (cAME which stimulates protein kinase)