Lecture 18

Question 1

Biotechnology of past

Answer 1

selective growth chooses organisms with desirable traits to pass on.

Question 2

retroviral vectors

Answer 2

replicates life-cycle of retroviruses allowing the delivery of genetic material to a cell. They insert their own genetic material in the form of RNA into the host which then reverse transcribes it into the genome.

Question 3

archaea

Answer 3

thermostable and their enzymes used to copy DNA in PCR

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

used to mass produce proteins by inserting target gene into plasmid

Question 5

algae

Answer 5

biofuels, green biotechnology, carbon -

Question 6

fungi

Answer 6

yeasts (eukaryotic therefore, good at expressing eukaryotic genes) and mould

Question 7

Plasmids in biotech

Answer 7

Target DNA is isolated, plasmid is isolated and DNA is inserted. Protein is mass produced

Question 8

Plasmids

Answer 8

allows horizontal gene transfer. Not essential genes, but may help i conditions e.g antibiotic resistance. Has selectable gene markers which forces plasmid uptake, replication in host and cloning site (lacz apha gene)

Question 9

GMO

Answer 9

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering

Question 10

vaccines

Answer 10

Composed of antibodies or weakened virus