Lecture 12

Question 1

Vesicles

Answer 1

microtubles act as train-tracks where vesicles carry proteins and use these tracks for transportation. Travels through the cis-face of Golgi apparatus out to trans face

Question 2

Golgi body

Answer 2

modifies proteins via adding polysaccharides. Sometimes takes away

Question 3

Exo/endocytosis

Answer 3

Exo: moving large molecules out of cell
Endo: moves large molecules into cells

Question 4

mitochondria

Answer 4

produces ATP, production of steroid hormones, apoptosis. attached to microtubules to hold them in place via adaptor proteins (links them). Motor proteins are powered by ATP and they grab the adaptor proteins and ‘wall/hop’ along another microtubules to move them.

Question 5

cytoskeleton

Answer 5

microfilaments: made of actin

microtubules: made of tubulin (thickest component, makes spindle in cell /)

Intermediate filaments: made of various proteins, often keratin. Strong. reinforcement

Question 6

polarity

Answer 6

exists in microtubules where they grow faster at the + end. they can shrink/expand.

Question 7

microtubules

Answer 7

composed of alpha and beta tubulin. zends with B = + end.

Question 8

intermediate filaments

Answer 8

makes complex lattice all over cell. Made of strong polypeptide chains.

Question 9

Powered transport

Answer 9

protein shaped like a cone with structural element. Ca wants to be transported from one side of the membrane to the other. In open position (not phosphorylated), ca comes in and is stuck in bottom of transporter. When the protein is dephosphorylated, they open up at the bottom and Ca is transported. Photphatase takes away phosphate and protein gots back to original position.

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

movement of water from low solute to high solute