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Axial Anatomy > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

MUSCLES – ANTERIOR AND LATERAL NECK

A

Longus coli
Vertical portion
Interior oblique portion
Superior oblique portion
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus anterior
Rectus capitus lateralis
Scalenus anterior
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior
Sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

Describe Longus coli

A

Situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral col
- between atlas (C1) & T3 vertebra
broad in the middle, narrow/pointed at either end

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3
Q

3 Portions of the Longus Coli

A

Inferior oblique portion
Superior oblique portion
Vertical portion aka Longus cervicus

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4
Q

Longus Coli
ORIGIN

A

Superior part – TVP of C3- C5
Inferior part – anterior surface of bodies of T2-T3
Vertical part - anterior surfaces of bodies of T1-T3 & C5-C7

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5
Q

Longus Coli
INSERTATION

A

Superior part – anterior arch of atlas
Inferior part – TVP of C5-C6
Vertical part - anterior surfaces of C2-C4

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6
Q

Longus Coli
ACTION

A

Flex cervical vertebra

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7
Q

Muscles - ANterior and Lateral neck
Nerves supply

A

Anterior Primary Rami

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8
Q

Describe the Longus capitis-

A

Long, narrow muscle-
Pass upward & medially from cervical vertebra to basilar
part of the occipital bone

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9
Q

Longus Capitis
ORIGIN

A

Anterior tubercles of TVP C3-C6

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10
Q

Longus Capitis
INSERTATION

A

Occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

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11
Q

Longus Capitis
ACTION

A

Acting together – flex head
Acting on one side – rotate head

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12
Q

Describe the Rectus capitus anterior

A

short strap muscle lying deep to longus capitis

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13
Q

Rectus capitus anterior
ORIGIN

A

Anterior base od the TVP of atlas

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14
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior
INSERTATION

A

Occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

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15
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior
ACTION

A

Flexes head

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16
Q

Rectus Capitis lateralis
ORIGIN

A

TVP of ATlas

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17
Q

Rectus Capitis lateralis
INSERTATION

A

Jugular process of the occipital bone

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18
Q

Rectus Capitis lateralis
ACTION

A

Bends head laterally

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19
Q

Describe the jugular process of the occipital bone

A

In the lateral part of the occipital bone, extending lateralward from the posterior half of the condyle is a quadrilateral plate of bone

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20
Q

How many scalene muscles are there?

A

3

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21
Q

Where does the Scalene’s anterior lie?

A

It lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoid muscle and in front of the scalenus medius

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22
Q

Scalenus anterior
ORIGIN

A

TVP of C3-C6
descends vertically

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23
Q

Scalenus anterior
INSERTATION

A

Inner border of first rib

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24
Q

Scalenus anterior
ACTION - 3

A

Raises first rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck

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25
Q

what is the middle of the three scalene muscles?

A

Scalenus medius

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26
Q

Describe the muscle fibres of the Scalenus medius

A

Muscle fibres run downward and laterally

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27
Q

Scalenus medius
ORIGIN

A

TVP C2-C7

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28
Q

Scalenus medius
INSERTATION

A

upper surface of 1st Rib

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29
Q

Scalenus medius
ACTION

A

Raises first rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck

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30
Q

Which is the smallest and most posterior of the scalene muscles?

A

Scalenus Posterior

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31
Q

Scalenus Posterior
ORIGIN

A

TVP C5-C7

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32
Q

Scalenus Posterior
INSERTATION

A

Outer surface of the second rib

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33
Q

Scalenus Posterior
ACTION

A

Raises 2nd rib (inspiration)
Acting together – flex neck
Acting on one side – laterally flex and rotate neck

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34
Q

What is the Sternocleidomastoid
known as

A

Sternomastoid SCM

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35
Q

Describe the Sternocleidomastoid

A

paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior neck
SCM spasm on one side – characteristic deformity of lateral flexion of neck on the same side with rotation of head to opposite side

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36
Q

SCM - sternocleidomastoid
Origin

A

Sternal Head- manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head- manibrium of sternum

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37
Q

SCM -sternocleidomastoid
INSERTATION

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line

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38
Q

SCM -sternocleidomastoid
ACTION

A

Unilateral – bends neck laterally, rotates head to opposite side
Bilateral – flexes neck, draws head ventrally and elevates chin, draws sternum
superiorly in deep inspiration

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39
Q

SCM - Nerve Supply

A

Spinal part of accesory nerve
C2. C3

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40
Q

Name the MUSCLES – ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
(TIPER)

A

Rectus abdominis
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Pyramidalis

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41
Q

What is the six pack muscle

A

Rectus abdominis

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42
Q

Describe the Rectus abdominis

A

A paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall

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43
Q

What seperates the Rectus abdominis

A

separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba

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44
Q

How does the Rectus abdominis extend?

A

pubis to rib cage

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45
Q

What is the Rectus abdominis ensheathed by?

A

Aponeuroses of lateral muscles

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46
Q

What is the Rectus abdominis segmented by?

A

Tendinous intersections

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47
Q

Rectus abdominis
ORIGIN

A

Pubic crest & symphysis

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48
Q

Rectus abdominis
INSERTATION

A

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of rib5-7

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49
Q

Rectus abdominis
ACTION

A

Flexes VC
compresses abdomen used in sit-ups and curls

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50
Q

Rectus abdominis
Nerve supply

A

Intercoastal Nerves

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51
Q

External abdominal obliqueWhWhat is the largest of the three lateral muscles in the anterior abdominal wall?

A

External abdominal oblique

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52
Q

How do the fibres of the External abdominal oblique run?

A

downwards and medially

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53
Q

How does the aponuerosis run?

A

Inferiorly from inguinal ligament

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54
Q

External abdominal oblique
ORGIN

A

lower 8 ribs

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55
Q

External abdominal oblique
INSERTATION

A

Anterior part of the illiac crest
Abdominal apopneurosis to linea alba

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56
Q

External abdominal oblique
ACTION

A

Compresses abdomincal contents lateral flexes and rotates VC

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57
Q

External abdominal oblique
Nerve Supply

A

Intercostal Nerves

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58
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen?

A

Internal abdominal oblique

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59
Q

Where does the Internal abdominal oblique lie?

A

Lying just underneath the external oblique and superficial to the transverse abdominal muscle

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60
Q

How do the fibres of the Internal abdominal oblique run?

A

medially perpendicular to the external oblique muscle

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61
Q

Internal abdominal oblique
ORIGIN

A

Lateral half of the inguinal ligament, illiac crest thoracolumbar fascia

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62
Q

Internal abdominal oblique
INSERTATION

A

Cartilage of bottom 3 or 4 ribs, abdominal aponeuris to linea alba

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63
Q

Internal abdominal oblique
ACTION

A

Compresses abdomincal contents lateral flexes and rotates VC

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64
Q

Internal abdominal oblique
NERVE

A

intercostals
iliohypogastric
iloinginal nerves

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65
Q

what is the lumbar fascia?

A
  • layer of fibrous tissue - that covers the lumbar region.
66
Q

what is the deepest most innermost muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Transverse abdominis

67
Q

Transverse abdominis
ORIGIN

A

Lateral part of inguinal lig, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs

68
Q

Transverse abdominis
INSERTATION

A

Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

69
Q

Transverse abdominis
ACTION

A

Compress abdominal content

70
Q

Transverse abdominis
NERVE SUPPLY

A

intercostals, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves

71
Q

A small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis & contained in the rectus sheath

A

Pyramidalis

72
Q

Pyramidalis
ORIGIN

A

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

73
Q

Pyramidalis
INSERTATION

A

linea alba

74
Q

Pyramidalis
ACTION

A

tensing the linea alba

75
Q

Pyramidalis
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Subcostal nerve T12

76
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A
  • formed by the aponeuroses of the Obliqui and Transversus
    It contains the Rectus abdominis and Pyramidalis muscles
77
Q

MUSCLES OF THORAX

A

Intercostal muscles
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Subcostals
Transverse thoracis
Serratus posterior
Diaphram
Levators costorum

78
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles situated?

A

between the ribs

79
Q

Describe the intercostal muscles

A

Groups of muscles – pass between adjacent ribs

80
Q

How many layers of intercostal muscles are there?

A

Arranges in 03 layers – external, internal and subcostal

81
Q

How many external intercostals?

A
  • 11 in number on either side
    thicker than the Intercostales interni
82
Q

the external intercostals fibres of the back of thorax

A

their fibres are directed obliquely downward and laterally

83
Q

the external intercostals fibres of the front of thorax

A

downward, forward, and medially

84
Q

Intercostal muscles
ORIGIN

A

Lower margin of upper 11 ribs

85
Q

Intercostal muscles
INSERTATION

A

Superior border of rib below

86
Q

Intercostal muscles
ACTION

A

Draw ventral part of the ribs upwards - inspiration , inhalation

87
Q

Intercostal muscles
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Intercostal nerves

88
Q

How many Internal intercostals on either side

A

11

89
Q

Internal intercostals
ORIGIN

A

From cartilages to the angles of the upper 11 ribs

90
Q

Internal intercostals
INSERTATION

A

Superior border of the ribs below

91
Q

Internal intercostals
ACTION

A

Draw ventral part of the ribs downward -expiration

92
Q

Internal intercostals
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Imntercostal nerves

93
Q

what is the innermost intercostals

A

Subcostals intercostals

94
Q

Describe the subcostals

A

poorly developed - in upper intercostal spaced

95
Q

How do the fibres of the subcostals run?

A

Fibers run in the similar direction as the internal intercostal

96
Q

What seperates the subcostals and intercostal layers?

A

Intercostal nerves and vessels

97
Q

Subcostals intercostals
ORIGIN

A

inner surface of each rib near its angle

98
Q

Subcostals intercostals
INSERTATION

A

Medially on the inner surface of 2nd or 3rd rib below

99
Q

Subcostals intercostals
ACTION

A

Draw ventral part of the ribs downward - forfeful expiration

100
Q

Subcostals intercostals
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Intercostals

101
Q

What les Lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly

A

Transversus thoracis

102
Q

Describe the Transversus thoracis

A

A thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibres

103
Q

Where is the Transversus thoracis situated?

A

situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest.

104
Q

It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles

A

Transversus thoracis

105
Q

Transversus thoracis
ORIGIN

A

Inner surface of lower portion of sternum and adjacent costal cartilages

106
Q

Transversus thoracis
INSERTATION

A

Inner surface of costal cartilage of the 2nd - 6th ribs

107
Q

Transversus thoracis
ACTION

A

Draw ventral part of ribs downward (forceful expiration)

108
Q

Transversus thoracis
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Intercostals

109
Q

Describe Serratus posterior superior

A
110
Q

Serratus posterior superior
Origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae, SP C7- T2

111
Q

Serratus posterior superior
INSERTATION

A

Upper borders of the 2-5 ribs to their angles

112
Q

Serratus posterior superior
ACTION

A

Raises ribs in inspiration

113
Q

Serratus posterior
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Intercostal

114
Q

Describe the Serratus posterior inferior

A

lies at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions

115
Q

Serratus posterior inferior
ORIGIN

A

SP T11-T12, L1-L2

116
Q

Serratus posterior inferior
INSERTATION

A

Lower borders of bottom 4 ribs

117
Q

Serratus posterior inferior
ACTION

A

Pulls ribs down, resisting pull of diaphram

118
Q

Describe the Diaphram

A

a sheet of internal skeletal muscle

119
Q

Where does the Diaphram extend?

A

Extends across the bottom of the rib cage

120
Q

What does the Diaphram seperate and what important function does it play?

A

Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity & performs an important function in respiration

121
Q

Diaphram
ORIGIN
Sternal part

A

inner part of xiphoid process

122
Q

Diaphram
ORIGIN
Costal Part

A

– inner surfaces of lower six ribs and their cartilages

123
Q

Diaphram
ORIGIN
Lumbar Part

A

upper 2 -3 lumbar vertebrae and lateral and medial lumbocostal arches

124
Q

Diaphram
INSERTATION

A

Fibres converge and meet on central tendon

125
Q

Diaphram
ACTION

A

Draws central tendon inferiorly,
for inspiration

126
Q

Diaphram

A

Phrenic nerve

127
Q

Levator costorum
ORIGIN

A

TVP C7 - T11

128
Q

Levator costorum
INSERTATION

A

Laterlally to outer surface of the next lower rib

129
Q

Levator costorum
ACTION

A

Raises ribs, extends, laterally flexes, and rotates vertebral column

130
Q

Levator costorum
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Intercostals nerves

131
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR

A

Levator ani
Coccygeus

132
Q

Levator ani consists of?

A

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
iliococcygeus

133
Q

describe Levator ani

A

Broad but thin, tripartite muscle (split into three parts)

134
Q

How do the muscle fibres of Levator ani stretch?

A

stretch inferomedially-
forming a sling around prostate / vagina
urethra & anorectal junction
Sling fibers meet in the median plane

135
Q

What does the Levator ani seperate?

A

pelvic cavity from perinium

136
Q

a hammock-like muscle, found in both sexes

A

Pubococcygeus

137
Q

Where does the Pubococcygeus stretch?

A

Stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx – forms pelvic floor & supports pelvic organs

138
Q

Pubococcygeus
ORIGIN

A

back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia

139
Q

Pubococcygeus
INSERTATION

A

coccyx and sacrum

140
Q

Pubococcygeus
ACTION

A

controls urine flow, & aids in urinary control, childbirth as well as core stability

141
Q

A weakening in which muscle may be a cause of urinary incontinence ?

A

Pubococcygeus

142
Q

Pubococcygeus
NERVE

A

Sacral nerves

143
Q

Pubococcygeus
FUNCTION

A

A strong pubococcygeus muscle - linked to a reduction in urinary
incontinence & proper positioning of the baby’s head during childbirth
- contracts during orgasm

144
Q

Iliococcygeus
ORIGIN

A

ischial spine & pubis

145
Q

Iliococcygeus
INSERTATION

A

coccyx & median raphe (of perinium

146
Q

Iliococcygeus
ACTION

A

tenses floor of the pelvis, supports pelvic organs, flexes coccygeal joints, elevates & retracts anus

147
Q

Iliococcygeus
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Sacral nerves

148
Q

4 Collective Functions of the Levator Ani Muscle

A

Support & maintain pelvic viscera

Resist downward thrusts – that accompany intrapelvic pressure during coughing, vomiting, expulisive efforts of abdominal muscles

Form sphincters at anorectal junction & vagina

Lift anal canal during defecation

149
Q

Small triangular muscle- lying post to levator ani

A

Coccygeus

150
Q

What does the Coccygeus
form part of?

A

Forms post part of pelvic diaphragm

151
Q

Coccygeus
ORIGIN

A

ischial spine

152
Q

Coccygeus
INSERTATION

A

Lateral, inferior borders of sacrum & coccyx

153
Q

Coccygeus
ACTION

A

support pelvic viscera
support coccyx and pulls it forward –
after its reflection during defecation
and childbirth

154
Q

Coccygeus
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Sacral Nerve

155
Q

Describe the Pelvic diaphragm

A

made up of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus

156
Q

How many external intercostal muscles are there?

A

22

157
Q

Which of the following is the innermost intercostal muscle?

A

Subcostal

158
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the Phrenic nerve?

A

Diaphram

159
Q

Which of the following muscles supports inspiration?

A

External intercostals

160
Q

Coccygeus muscle originates from which of the following structures?

A

Ischial Spine

161
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of levator ani?

A

Coccygeus

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

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