Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Axial Anatomy > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints does the Atlantoaxial joint have?

A

3 joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the Atlantoaxial joint

A

2x Lateral Atlantoaxial joint

1x Medial Atlantoaxial Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the Lateral Atlantoaxial joints found?

A

These joints are between the SAP of the axis and the IAP of the atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the Medial Atlantoaxial joint found? (2 places)

A

Articulation between - Anterior dens (convex) and posterior surface of the anterior arch (concave)

Posterior dens and transverse ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the Ligaments of the atlantoaxial joint.

PACT

A

Anterior atlantoaxial ligament
Posterior atlantoaxial ligament
Transverse Ligament
Cruciate ligament of the atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the Anterior atlantoaxial ligament positioned. (3)

A

Fixed above to lower border of anterior arch
Fixed below to front of body of axis
Strengthened in the middle by a rounded cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the Posterior atlantoaxial ligament positioned. (2)

A

Fixed above to lower board of posterior arch
Fixed below to upper edge of lamina of axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Anteior atlantoaxial ligamnet a continuation upward of?

A

ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Anterior atlantoaxial ligament a continutation of?

A

The ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Transverse ligament

A

A thick strong band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the posterior atlantoaxial ligament a continutation of?

A

Ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the Transverse liagament positioned?

A

Arches across the ring of the atlas and retains the dens in contact with the posterior surface of the anterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the transverse ligament.

A

Concave in front
convex behind
broader and thicker in middle than end
firmly attached on either side to a msall tubercle on th medial surface of lateral mass of the atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the ligament divide?

A

The ring into a large posteior section for the spinal cord and a small anteior space for the dens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What ligament continues into the cruciate ligament of the atlas?

A

The transverse ligamnet crossed the odontoid process a small brach is prolonged upward and another downwar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the Longitudinal superior fibres of the Cruciate ligament of the atlas attach ?

A

to basilar part of occiput

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do the Longitudinal inferior fibres of the Cruciate ligament of the atlas attach?

A

To posterior surface of body of axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the atalantooccipital joint?

A

Synovial joints between the occipital condyles and the superior lateral masses
`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Atlantooccipital joint reciprocally?

A

concave-convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the ligaments of the Atlantooccipital joint ?

LAT APA

A

Anterior atlanto – occipital ligament

Posterior atlantooccipital ligament

Lateral Atlanto occipital ligament

Tectorial membrane

Alar ligaments

Apical odontoid ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Anterior atlanto – occipital ligament fixed to?

A

Fixed above to anterior border of magnum foramen
Fixed below to upper border of anterior arch of atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the anterior atlanto-occipital ligament found?

A

A broad band between the occiput (magnum foramen) and the atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the Anterior atlanto – occipital ligament strengthened and by what?

A

Strengthened in the middle by a strong rounded cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the Anterior atlanto – occipital ligament continious with?

A

Continuous with anterior atlantoaxial lig and ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How would you identify the Lateral Atlanto occipital ligament?

A

Thickened portion of the articular capsules
Extends from jugular process of occipital bone and base of TVP of atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where does the Lateral Atlanto occipital ligament extend?

A

Extends from jugular process of occipital bone and base of TVP of atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the Tectorial membrane situated?

A

Situated in the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How would you identify the Tectorial membrane?

A

Broad strong band which covers the dens and its ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the Tectorial membrane a continuation of?

A

PLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where does the Tectorial membrane extend from?

A

Extends from the posterior surface of the body of the axis to anterior margin of the magnum foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the Alar ligments?

A

Strong rounded cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What two ligaments support the dens

A

Alar Ligament
Apical odontoid ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where do the Alar ligaments arise from?

A

Arise from either side of the dens, extend laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the Alar ligaments attach to?

A

Attach to medial sides of the occipital condyles

35
Q

What are the Apical odontoid ligament?

A

Fibrous cord connects the tip of the dens and the anterior margin of the magnum foramen

36
Q

What is the Apical odontoid ligament intimately blended with?

A

With the deep portion of teh anteior atlanto-occipital membrane and teh supeior portion of the transverse ligamnet of the atlas.

37
Q

FSU

A

Functional Spinal Unit

38
Q

Name the part of the Functional Spinal Unit 10

A

2 Adjacent Vertebra

2 X Facet Joints SAP/IAP

2x Joint capsules

1x IVD

1x ALL

1x PLL

1X Ligamentum Flavum

1x Supraspinous ligament nuchae

2x Intertransverse ligament

1x Interspinous ligament

39
Q

What are the five regions of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical (C)
Thoracic (T)
Lumbar (L)
Sacral (S)
Coccygeal (Co)

40
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting motor signals from the brain to the body and sensory signals from the body to the brain?

A

The white matter of the spinal cord.

41
Q

What are the two main functions of the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

Integration of sensory and motor information.
Reflex arcs.

42
Q

What is the structure that surrounds and protects the spinal cord? **

A

The vertebral column (spinal column) and the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater).

43
Q

What is the innervation of the intervertebral discs posteriorly, anteriorly, and laterally?

A

Posteriorly: Sinuvertebral nerves (dorsal rami of spinal nerves).

Anteriorly: Recurrent meningeal nerves (branches of ventral rami).

Laterally: Gray rami communicantes from sympathetic trunk.

44
Q

What is the innervation of the intervertebral discs posteriorly?

A

Sinuvertebral nerves (dorsal rami of spinal nerves).

45
Q

What is the innervation of the intervertebral discs anteriorly?

A

Recurrent meningeal nerves (branches of ventral rami).

46
Q

What is the innervation of the intervertebral discs laterally?

A

Gray rami communicantes from sympathetic trunk.

47
Q

What are the innervations of the facet joint laterally?

A

by the sinuvertebral nerves, which are branches of the dorsal rami of spinal nerves. These nerves provide sensory innervation to the capsules and ligaments surrounding the facet joint.

48
Q

What are the innervations of the facet joint medially?

A

The medial aspect of the facet joint receives innervation from branches of the dorsal primary rami as well.

49
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion.

50
Q

Where are mechanoreceptors located in the spinal region?

A

arious structures within the spinal region, including ligaments, tendons, muscles, joint capsules, and the intervertebral discs.

51
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

sensory receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli, such as intense mechanical pressure, extreme temperature, or chemicals, signaling the presence of tissue damage or injury.

52
Q

Where are nociceptors located in the spinal region?

A

outer annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and blood vessels.

53
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there, and what do they branch into?

A

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which branch into dorsal posterior and ventral anterior rami, and contribute to the formation of nerve plexuses.

54
Q

What do dorsal rami supply?

A

Dorsal rami supply the posterior aspects of the trunk and innervate the skin and muscles near the midline of the back.

55
Q

What do ventral rami supply?

A

Ventral rami supply the anterolateral body wall and limbs, forming nerve plexuses

56
Q

What are the four major nerve plexuses formed by ventral rami?

A

Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus

57
Q

What areas of the body do the cervical plexus primarily innervate?

A

Cervical plexus: Supplies structures in the neck, shoulder, and some parts of the head.

58
Q

What areas of the body do the rachial plexus primarily innervate?b

A

Brachial plexus: Supplies the upper limb and shoulder girdle.

59
Q

What areas of the body do the lumbar plexus primarily innervate?

A

Supplies the anterior and medial thigh, medial leg, and foot.

60
Q

What areas of the body do the sacral plexus primarily innervate?

A

Supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limb.

61
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in each section of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical region: 8 pairs (C1-C8) one above and below c1 (2)
Thoracic region: 12 pairs (T1-T12)
Lumbar region: 5 pairs (L1-L5)
Sacral region: 5 pairs (S1-S5)
Coccygeal region: 1 pair (Co1)

62
Q

Which nerves innervate the facet joints in the spine?

A

Sinuvertebral nerves.

63
Q

What is the role of spinal reflexes?

A

To enable rapid responses to potentially damaging stimuli and protect the spinal cord from injury.

64
Q

What are the ascending tracts in the spinal cord responsible for

A

Transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the brain.

65
Q

What is the plane that divides the body into front and back?

A

coronal plane.

66
Q

The two primary curves of the spine

A

Thoracic and Lumbar

67
Q

What structure forms the superior border of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Pedicle

68
Q

The anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital ligaments are continuations of which of the following ligaments?

A

ALL

69
Q

What is the structure located on the upper surface of the cervical vertebral body, what kind of joint does it form?

A

Uncinate process uncovertebral joint

70
Q

Which of the following does the transverse ligament articulate with?

A

Posterior surface of dens

71
Q

What are the typical features of the atlas

A

ring shape, lateral masses

72
Q

What structure articulates with the posterior surface of the dens?

A

the transverse ligament of the atlas.

73
Q

Whhat are the names of facets on the TVPs of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costovertebral

74
Q

What plane do the articular processes of lumbar vertebrae lie in?

A

sagittal plane.

75
Q

What is the centre of the IVD known as?

A

nucleus pulposus.

76
Q

What is the PLL continuous with superiorly?

A

tectorial membrane superiorly.

77
Q

What is the tectorial membrane continuous with below the axis?

A

PLL

78
Q

Where does the apical odontoid ligament attach superiorly?

A

Anterior border of magnum foramen

79
Q

How many plexus come off the primary ventral ramus

A

4

80
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the posterior IVD?

A

Sinuvertebral nerve

81
Q

Which part of the IVD is innervated?

A

Outer 1/3 of annulus fibrosus

82
Q

The sinuvertebral nerve innervates which of the following structures?

A

Medial facet joint

83
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

84
Q

How many plexus come off the primary ventral ramus

A

4

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions