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Axial Anatomy > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Anatomical Postioning

1
Q

Anterior - synonym

A

ventral

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2
Q

Define Anterior

A

towards the front

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3
Q

Posterior synonym

A

dorsal

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4
Q

Superior

A

above

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5
Q

Inferior

A

below

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6
Q

Medial

A

away from the midline

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7
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the root of the limb or the trunk

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8
Q

Distal

A

further away from the root of the limb or the trunk

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9
Q

Deep

A

further away from the skin or surface of the body

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10
Q

Superficial

A

closer to the skin or the surface of the body

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11
Q

Ipsilateral

A

the same side

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12
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite

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13
Q

2 words for Superior

A

Cranial
Rostral

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14
Q

Inferior 1 other word

A

caudal

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15
Q

Flexion

A

bend limbs at joint
- make joint angle smaller

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16
Q

Extension

A

straigtening the limbs at joint

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17
Q

Lateral flexion(bending)

A

bending the truck to one side

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18
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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19
Q

Adduction

A

movement towards midline

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20
Q

Supination

A

palms facing up - anatomical postion
face up

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21
Q

pronation

A

palms facing down
face down

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22
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing upright
feet together
hands at side
palms facing forward
face looking forward

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23
Q

Coronal plane - frontal plane (bread)

A

Passes from top to bottom
divides ant/post

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24
Q

What movement occurs in coronal plane

A

adduction and abduction

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25
Q

Sagittal plane - medial plane

A

pass from front to back
divides symmetrical halves

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26
Q

What movement occurs in the sagittal plane

A

flexion ad extension

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27
Q

Transverse plane/ horizontal plane

A

pass through body at right angles to coronal and saigittal planes
divides sup/inferior

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28
Q

Oblique plane

A

sits between coronal, sagittal and transverse

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29
Q

Axis

A

moving around

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30
Q

Saggital axis

A

Anterior to Posterior (AP axis)
Passes front to back
movement occurs around the axis/at right angles

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31
Q

Longitudinal - y axis

A

Passes superior to inferior

32
Q

What movemnet occurs in sagittal axis

A

abduction and addcution

33
Q

What movement occurs in the y axis

A

medial and lateral rotation

34
Q

Transverse axis - coronal axis - x axis

A

passes left to right

35
Q

What movement occurs in the x axis

A

flexion and extension

36
Q

How many Vertebrae

A

33

37
Q

Name the 5 segements and how many

A

7 Cervical (breakfast- cereal)
12 Thoracic (tea)
5 lumbar - (late lunch)
5 sacrum - (supper)
4 Coccyx

38
Q

Name 5 fuctions of the spine ( A PASS)

A

Attachment
- Muscles of the pectorial and pelvic girdle

Protects
-spinal cord

Anchorage
-powerfull muscles which move. the vertebral column

Shock absorber
-IVD (intervertebral discs and curves) and curves of the spine

Support
-head and thoracic cage

39
Q

What do spinal curves allow?

A

The vertebral column to resist compressive loads

40
Q

Describe the baby spinal curve

A

One long curve
convex posteriorly

41
Q

Describe adult spinal curve

A

Four distinct curvatures
Thoracic and sacral
Cervical and lumbar

42
Q

Which curvatures are we born with?

A

Thoracic and sacral

43
Q

What would the sacral and Thoracic curves known as

A

Kyphotic curves

44
Q

What is Kyphotic?

A

Primary curves we are born with
Therefore primary

45
Q

What curvatures do we develop?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

46
Q

What are the cervical and lumbar curves identified as

A

Lordotic curves

47
Q

What type of curves are the lordoctic curves

A

Secondary

48
Q

What happens to the spinal curves when we become older

A

It returns to C shape due to age related changes to intervertebral discs

49
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Lateral curvatures

50
Q

What is Hyperkyphotic

A

Exaggerated kyphotic curvatures
-thoracic
-sacral

51
Q

What is Heperlordotic

A

Exaggerated lordoctic curvatures
- cervical
-lumbar

52
Q

What two major parts do all vertebra consist of

A

Anterior Vertebral Body
Posterior Vertebral arch

53
Q

Which are the exceptions for the two majot parts of the vertebra?

A

C1- Atlas
C2- Axis

54
Q

What is a Fuctional Spinal Unit

A

Two Vertebra together plus its ligaments

55
Q

FSU

A

Fuctional Spinal Unit

56
Q

Name facts of the Vertebral body

A
  1. Exept C1
  2. Weight Bearing
  3. Roughly cylindrical
  4. Superior and inferior surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
  5. Vary in shape and size depending on position
57
Q

Describe the Vertebral arch

A

Irregular shaped portion

58
Q

what does the pedicle connect the vertebral body to?

A

Posterior elements

59
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertrebra?

A
  • Laminae (2)
  • Spinous Process SP
    -Transverse Processes (2) TVP
    -Superior Articular Process and Facet SAP
    -Inferior Articular Process and Facet IAP
60
Q

What is the facet of the vertebral arch

A

Articulating portion

61
Q

Name 3 other features of the vertebral arch

A

Vertebral Foramen
Pars interarticularis
Lamina/Pedical Junction

62
Q

Describe the Vertebral Foramen

A

Varies in shape and size
contains the spinal cord

63
Q

Describe the Pars interarticularis

A

Landmark structure
Area between SAP and IAP

64
Q

Describe the Lamina/Pedical Junction

A

Between lamina and pedicle

65
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

Formed by superior and inferior verterbral notches
spinal nerves exit here

66
Q

Where do the spinal neves exit?

A

Intervertebral foramen

67
Q

Describe the structure of the vertebra bone

A

Outside - shelll of compact bone
Inside - spongy - cancellous bone
-strong but light resists compression

Spongy bone organized into trabeculae

68
Q

What is the body of a typical vertebrae covered by?

A

Cortical bone

69
Q

Name 3 patterns the trabeculae runs in?

A

Vertical
Oblique
Horizontal

70
Q

Describe the vertical pattern

A

Principle system
Runs Sup - infer surface
Resists - bending and shearing forces

71
Q

Describe the oblique pattern

A

Superior SAP - inf surface of vertebral body
Inferior IAP - sup surface of vertebral body
RESIST TORSION

72
Q

Describe the horizontal pattern

A

TVP - opposite to vertebral body
RESISTS Tension

73
Q

Why does a compression fracture occur?

A

Area of weakness in the anterior part of the vertebral body

74
Q

Where does the area of strength occur?

A

When the trabeculae corss each other

75
Q

What forms the intervertebral foramen - spinal neves

A

Inferiorly - Superior vertebral notch
Superior - Inferior vertebral notch

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

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