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Axial Anatomy > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primer mover of the back extension

A

Erector Spinae

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2
Q

How do the muscles and tendons run in the Eretor spinae

A

Run more/less vertically

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3
Q

What 3 columns does the erector spinae consist of?

A
  • Illicostalis
    -Longissimus
    -Spinalis
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4
Q

Name the muscles of the Illiocostalis

A

iliocostalis cervicis
iliocostalis thoracis iliocostalis lumborum

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5
Q

Name the muscles of the longisimus CCT

A

longisimus capitis
longisimus cervicis
longisimus thoracis

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6
Q

Name the muscles of the Spinalis

A

spinalis capitis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis thoracis

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7
Q

How many muscles in the Erector spinae?

A

9

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8
Q

ILIOCOSTALIS

A

Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles, extending from pelvis to neck.

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9
Q

liocostalis cervicis:
ORIGIN

A

Angles of 3-6 ribs

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10
Q

liocostalis cervicis
INSERTATION

A

TVP C4- C6

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11
Q

liocostalis cervicis:
ACTION

A

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

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12
Q

liocostalis cervicis:
Bilateral action

A

extension of vertebral column
maintenance of erect posture
stabilization of vertebral column during flexion

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13
Q

liocostalis cervicis:
unilateral action

A

lateral bend to same side
rotation to same side

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14
Q

liocostalis:
Nerve Supply

A

Dorsal Primary Rami for all

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15
Q

Iliocostalis thoracic
ACTION

A

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

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16
Q

Iliocostalis thoracic
ORIGIN

A

Angles of lower 6 ribs (6-12), medial to iliocostalis lumborum

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17
Q

Iliocostalis thoracic
INSERTATION

A

lower border of angles of ribs 1-6 & TVP C7

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18
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum:
ACTION

A

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column,
rotates ribs for forceful inspiration

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19
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum
ORIGIN

A

Medial and lateral sacral crests and medial part of iliac crests

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20
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum
INSERTATION

A

Angles of lower 6 ribs

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21
Q

LONGISSIMUS CAPITUS
Insertation

A

Posterior part of the mastoid process of temporal bone

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22
Q

Longissimus

A

Longissimus
Muscle lateral to the semispinalis
It is the subdivision of the Iliocostalis & extends forward into
the TVPs of the cervical vertebrae

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23
Q

Longissimus Muscles (3)

A

longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis longissimus thoracis

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24
Q

Is the Semispinalis capitus apart of the erector spinae?

A

NO

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25
Q

SPINALIS

A

Bundle of muscles and tendons located nearest to the spine

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26
Q

Spinalis Capitis
ORIGIN

A

SP of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

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27
Q

Spinalis Capitis
INSERTATION

A

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

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28
Q

Spinalis Capitis
ACTION

A

extension and rotates head

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29
Q

Spinalis
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Dorsal primary rami

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30
Q

Spinalis Cervicis
ORIGIN

A

Ligamentum nuchae
SP C7

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31
Q

Spinalis Capitis
INSERTATION

A

SP of axis

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32
Q

Spinalis Capitis
ACTION

A

Extends Vertebral column

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33
Q

Spinalis thoracis
ORIGIN

A

SP of T11-12
SP L1-L2

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34
Q

Spinalis Capitis
INSERTATION

A

SP T1-T8

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35
Q

Spinalis Capitis
ACTION

A

Extends VC

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36
Q

Spinalis Thoracis
Origin

A

SP T11-T12
SP L1-L2

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37
Q

Spinalis Thoracis
INSERTATION

A

SP T1-T8

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38
Q

Spinalis Thoracis
ACTION

A

Extends VC

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39
Q

Name the muscles in the
Transversospinal group

A
  • SemiSpinalis (3)
    -Multifidius
    -Rotares
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40
Q

What is the combined action of the transversospinal group?

A

rotation and extension of the VC

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41
Q

What are the muscles of the Semispinalis?

A

Semispinalis capitis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis thoracis

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42
Q

How does the Semispinalis span?

A

– spanning 4-6 vertebral column

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43
Q

How does the multifidus span?

A

– spanning 4-6 vertebral column

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44
Q

Where is the semispinalis found

A

Underneath the erector spinae

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45
Q

Multifidius

A

Very thin muscle, consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi
Fill up the groove on either side of the SP of the vertebrae (from the sacrum to the axis

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46
Q

Multifidius
ORIGIN
Sacral region

A

along sacral foramina up to PSIS

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47
Q

Multifidius
ORIGIN
Lumbar region –

A

mammillary processes of vertebrae

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48
Q

Multifidius
ORIGIN
Thoracic region –

A

TVP
Cervical region – articular processes C4-C7

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49
Q

Multifidius
INSERTATION

A

SP of vertebrae 2-4 superior to origin

50
Q

Multifidius
Nerve supply

A

Dorsal Primary rami

51
Q

How does the Rotatores span?

A
  • spanning 1-2 vertebral column
52
Q

Describe the Rotatores

A

Long and short

53
Q

Rotatores
Origin

A

TVP of each Vertebrae

54
Q

Rotatores
INSERTATION

A

Base of SP of the next vertebra above

55
Q

Name the STABILISERS

A

Interspinale
Intertransversi

56
Q

Stabilisers

A

segmental muscles

57
Q

Interspinale
Origin:

A

SP of each vertebra

58
Q

Interspinale
Insertation

A

SP of vertebra immediately above

59
Q

Interspinale
ACTION

A

extension of the vertebrae segments

60
Q

Nerve supply to Stabilisers

A

Dorsal Primary rami

61
Q

Intertransversi –
Origin and insertion

A

Between TVP of adjacent vertebra, less developed in thoracic region

62
Q

Intertransversi –
ACTION

A

: laterally flexes each respective pair of vertebrae
(also eccentric muscle contraction provides stability)

63
Q

ABDOMINAL WALL –POSTERIOR
- Name the 3 muscles

A

Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Posas minor

64
Q

Descibe the Quadratus lumborum

A

Iirregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above

65
Q

Quadratus lumborum
Origin

A

iliolumbar ligament
illiac crest

66
Q

Quadratus lumborum
Insertation

A

Rib 12
TVP L1- L4

67
Q

Quadratus lumborum
Action

A

Laterally flexes VC

68
Q

Quadratus lumborum + Psoas Major
Nerve Supply

A

Anterior primary rami

69
Q

Psoas major
Origin

A

Bases of TVP L1-L5
Bodies of T12-L5
IVD above each lumbar verterbra

70
Q

Psoas Major
Insertation

A

Lesser tronchanter of femur

71
Q

Psoas Major
Action

A

Flexes thigh
Flexes VC

72
Q

Psoas Minor

A

Oftern absent

73
Q

How many Gluteal muscles

A

Three Gluteus muscles

74
Q

Name Gluteal muscles

A

maximum, minimus & medius) + Tensor faciae latae

75
Q

Which is the largest and most superfical

A

Gluteus maximus

76
Q

Which forms the bulk of the buttock mass

A

Gluteus maximus

77
Q

Which nerve does the Gluteus maximus overlie

A

sciatic nerve

78
Q

Describe the fascicles of the Gluteus maximus

A

thick and coarse

79
Q

Where is the site for intramuscular injections

A

Gluteus maximus

80
Q

Gluteus maximus
Origin

A

dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx

81
Q

Gluteus maximus
Insertion:

A

gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract

82
Q

Gluteus maximus
upper part Action

A

abducts, laterally rotates thigh

83
Q

Gluteus maximus
lower part Action

A

extends, laterally rotates thigh, extends trunk, assists in adduction of thigh

84
Q

When is the Gluteus maximus most working and describe the motion

A

sitting - major extensor of thigh
Complex, powerful & most effective when thigh is flexed.

85
Q

When is the Gluteus maximus active

A

when knees are at 30 degrees

86
Q

Gluteus maximus
Nerve supply

A

Inferior gluteal Nerve

87
Q

What is the smallest of the 3 gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus minimus

88
Q

Describe the Gluteus medius

A

thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis

89
Q

what covers the Gluteus medius?

A

largely (posterior 3rd) covered by gluteus maximus, anterior 2/3rd covered by the gluteal aponeurosis

90
Q

Which site is better for intramuscular injections by the Gluteus medius

A

– ventral site safer than dorsal – due to low risk of injuring sciatic nerve

91
Q

Gluteus medius
origin

A

Outer surface of ilium inferior to iliac crest

92
Q

Gluteus medius
Insertation

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

93
Q

Gluteus medius
Action

A

Abducts femur
rotates thigh medially; preventing adduction of the hip

  • stabilise pelvis, important in walking
94
Q

Gluteus medius
Nerve Suppy

A

superior gluteal nerve

95
Q

What causes Trendelenburg gait

A

Dysfunction of the gluteus medius

96
Q

Where is the Gluteus minimus found?

A

situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius

97
Q

Gluteus minimus
Origin

A

Outer surface of ilium (between ant. & inferior gluteal lines)

98
Q

Gluteus minimus
INSERTATION

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter

99
Q

Gluteus minimus
ACTION

A

same as gluteus medius
Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of
the hip, medial rotation of thigh

100
Q

Piri

A

Pear

101
Q

Forma

A

ShapePi

102
Q

Shape of the Piriformis

A

Pyradimal muscle

103
Q

Where is the Piriformis located

A

located on the post. aspect of hip joint
inferior to gluteus minimus, issues from the great sciatic notch in pelvis lies on top of sciatic nerve

104
Q

Piriformis
ORIGIN

A

Internal surface of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

105
Q

Piriformis
INSERTATION

A

upper border of greater trochanter of femur

106
Q

Piriformis
ACTION

A

Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh, stabilise hip joint

107
Q

Piriformis
NERVE

A

Nerve to piriformis from sacral plexus

108
Q

Describe Piriformis syndrome

A

Lies over the top of the sciatic nerve, dysfunction causes impingement (sciatica) and/or SI joint pain

109
Q

Which of the following connective tissue sheaths surround each muscle fibre?

A

Endomysium

110
Q

Which of the following muscles inserts into the anatomical horse shoe of the pectorial girdle?

A

Trapezius

111
Q

Which of the following muscles originates on the spinous process of the axis

A

RCP major

112
Q

Which of the following muscles rotates the head?

A

RCP major

113
Q

Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the Dorsal Scapular nerve?

A

Latissimus dorsi

114
Q

Which is NOT part of the Erector Spinae group?

A

Semispinalis

115
Q

Which is the most medial group of the Erector Spinae group?

A

Spinalis

116
Q

Which of the following muscles rotates the head?

A

Splenius Capitus

117
Q

Which of the following muscles extends the vertebral column?

A

Longissimus cervicus

118
Q

Which of the following muscles inserts into the bottom of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

A

Latissimus Dorsi

119
Q

Which of the following muscles ORIGINATES on the mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae?

A

Multifidius

120
Q

Which of the following muscles is the deepest muscle?

A

Rotatores

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

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