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Axial Anatomy > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Latin word Muscle

A

little mouse

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2
Q

How much of the body mass does the muscle tissue take up?

A

aprox half of BM

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3
Q

What are the functions of the muscles?
(Makes Philip Jump High)

A

Movement

Posture maintenance

Joint stabilisation

Heat generation

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4
Q

What are the functional characteristics of muscle? CEEE

A

Contractibility – muscle cells are able to contract & generate strong pulling force

Excitability – nerve signals/ other chemical signals – excite muscles- electric pulse – muscle contraction

Extensibility – are able to stretch due to pulling force of the apposing muscles

Elasticity – are elastic, resume normal length after contraction, stretching

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5
Q

Name 3 things muscles are characterised by:

A

Three types –characterised by
How they are controlled – voluntary / involuntary
Appearance – striated (stripped) / smooth
Association – Body wall (somatic) / organs (blood vessels)

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscles

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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7
Q

How much of body mass os skeletal muscle made up of?

A

Aprox 40%

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8
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

attach and move the skeleton
provides support & gives shapes / form of body

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9
Q

Describe the make up of the skeletal muscle

A

striated, parallel bundles of long multi-nucleated fibres

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10
Q

Is the contraction of skeletal muscle voluntary/involuntary

A

voluntary

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11
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

striated - wall of the heart & some large vessels (near heart)
cellular network – connected electronically & mechanically- fatigue resistant

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12
Q

Is the contraction of cardiac muscle voluntary/involuntary

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

blood vessels wall, hair follicles, eyeball, gastrointestinal, gastro urinal,
respiratory system

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14
Q

Describe the smooth muscle

A

elongated spindle shaped fibres

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15
Q

Describe the contraction of the smooth muscle

A

slow & sustained

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16
Q

What compartments make up muscle fibres?

A

are formed from the fusion of myofibres which are in turn composed of myofilaments – Myosin and actin repeated as a sacromere

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17
Q

What forms a fascicle?

A

Several muscle cells group together to form a fascicle

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18
Q

What forms the muscle itself.

A

Several fascicles group together to form the muscle itself

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19
Q

Name the 3 layers of a basic skeletal muscle.

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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20
Q

Epimysium

A

overcoat, dense irregular fibres – hold whole muscle organ

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21
Q

Perimysium

A

surround fascicles (bundles of sticks)

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22
Q

Endomysium

A

surround each muscle fibre

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23
Q

Fuctions of the Epimysium, perimysium & endomysium :

A

hold muscle fibres together
Give elasticity to muscles
Hold blood vessels and nerves
Transmit the force of contraction to bones
Extend into thick cord like tendons or flat sheet called aponeurosis – attachment to bone

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24
Q

What is each musclel supplied by?

A

Each muscle – supplied by one nerve, artery & veinall these enter & exit near the middle of its length

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25
Q

Direct attachment?

A

Fascicles themselves attach
Connective tissues are short

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26
Q

Indirect attachment

A

more common
Via tendons / aponeuroses

Attach to bones, cartilage , skin, raphe (sheen of fibrous tissue), sheets of facia

Raised marking in bones for tendon attachment
Tubercles, trochanters & crests

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27
Q

Origin

A

less movable attachment

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28
Q

Insertation

A

more movable attachment

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29
Q

brevis

A

short

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30
Q

Direction of fasicles
- rectus

A

straight - parallet to body’s midline

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31
Q

Direction of fascicles
transvers/oblique

A

at the angles to midline

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32
Q

Location

A

First origin then insertation

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33
Q

Action

A

named for action

examples: flexor, extensor, adductor/ abductor

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34
Q

SUB OCCIPITAL group

RORO
(4)

A
  • Rectus capitus posterior major (capitis –related to scalp)
  • Rectus capitus posterior minor
  • Oblique capitus superior
  • Oblique capitus inferior
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35
Q

POSTERIOR NECK group
Cap & Cer (2)

A

Splenius capitus
Splenius cervicus

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36
Q

EXTRINSIC MUSCLE GROUP
Lets Take Ron Running Later

(5)

A

Levator Scapulae
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Latissimus dorsi

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37
Q

Longer the muscle

A

more superficial

38
Q

Shorter

A

Deeper

39
Q

Rectus capitus posterior major
Origin

A

spinous processes of axis (C2 vertebra)

40
Q

Rectus capitus posterior major
INSERTATION

A

lateral portion of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

41
Q

Rectus capitus posterior major
ACTION

A

Extension and rotation of the head

42
Q

Rectus capitus posterior major
NERVE SUPPLY

A

Suboccipital nerve

43
Q

Describe the Nuchal lines

A
  1. curved lines on the ecternal surface of the occipital bone
  • Highest nuchal line
  • Superior ‘’
    -Median “
  • Inferior ‘’
44
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor
Origin

A

posterior tubercle of C1

45
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor
Insertation

A

Medial aspect of the inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

46
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor
Action

A

Extends head

47
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor
Nerve Supply

A

Suboccipital nerve

48
Q

Oblique capitus superior
Origin

A

TVP of atlas

49
Q

Oblique capitus superior
Insertation

A

occipital bone between the
superior and the inferior nuchal lines

50
Q

Oblique capitus superior
Action

A

Extends head and flexes head laterally to the same side

51
Q

Oblique capitus superior
Nerve Supply

A

Suboccipital nerve

52
Q

Oblique capitus inferior
Origin

A

spinous process of the axis

53
Q

Oblique capitus inferior
Insertation

A

TVP of atls

54
Q

Oblique capitus inferior
Action

A

Rotates atlas

55
Q

Oblique capitus inferior
Nerve supply

A

suboccipital nerve

56
Q

Describe the Splenius capitus

A

broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck

57
Q

What does the Splenuis capitus pull on?

A

pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax

58
Q

What does the Splenuis capitus lie deep to? RTS

A

the rhomboid, trapezoid and sternomastoid muscles

59
Q

Splenius capitus
Origin

A

Lower part of ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7 and upper 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T4)

60
Q

Splenius capitus
Insertation

A

(runs upward and laterally)
mastoid process of the temporal bone, lateral part of the superior nuchal line

61
Q

Splenius capitus
Action

A

Acting together: Extend, hyperextend head and neck
Acting on one side: laterally flex, rotate head and neck

62
Q

Splenius capitus
Nerve Supply

A

dorals primary rami

63
Q

Splenius cervicus
Origin

A

SP T3- T6

64
Q

Splenius cervicus
Insertation

A

posterior tubercles of TVPS of C1-c3

65
Q

Splenius cervicus
Action

A

Acting together: Extend, hyperextend head and neck
Acting on one side: laterally flex, rotate head and neck

66
Q

Splenius cervicus
Nerve supply

A

dorsal primary rami

67
Q

splenion

A

meaning a bandage

68
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Shoulder girdle

69
Q

Levator Scapulae
Origin

A

posterior tubercles of TVPs of C1-C4

70
Q

Levator Scapulae
Insertation

A

: medial border of scapular at and above spine

71
Q

Levator Scapulae
Action

A

Elevates medial border of scapula
Rotates scapula to lower the lateral angle
Acts with trapezius and rhomboids to pull scapula medially and upward. Bends neck laterally

72
Q

Levator Scapulae
Nerve supply

A

dorsal scapular nerve

73
Q

Trapezius

A

(superficial back musculature group)

74
Q

Trapezius
Origin

A

Medial 1/3 of sup nuchal line
EOP ligamnetum nuchae
SP & Supraspinous ligaments of C7-T12

75
Q

Trapezius
Insertation

A

Upper part – lateral third of clavicle
Middle part – acromion and spine of scapula
Lower part – medial portion of spine of scapula

76
Q

Where does the deltiod originate from ?

A

Anatomical horse shoe

77
Q

Trapezius
Actions

A

Upper part – elevates scapula
Middle part – retracts (adducts) scapula
Lower part – depresses scapula
Upper and lower parts together rotate scapula

78
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory nerve
cranial nerve 11

79
Q

Rhomboid major
Origin

A

spinous processes of T2-T5
supraspinous ligament

80
Q

Rhomboid major
Insertation

A

medial boreder of scapula below of the spine

81
Q

Rhomboid major
Action

A

Retract - adduct scapula - towards midline

82
Q

Rhomboid major
Innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

83
Q

Rhomboid minor :
origin

A

spinous process of C7 & T1
lower part of ligamentum nuchae

84
Q

Rhomboid minor :
Insertion:

A

medial border of scapular at root of spine

85
Q

Rhomboid minor :
Action

A

retract sacpula

86
Q

Rhomboid minor
Innervation

A

dorsal scapula nerve

87
Q

Latissimus dorsi:

A

(superficial back musculature group)

88
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Origin

A

SP T7-T12
SP L1- L5
SP S1- S4

Supraspinal ligament, iliac crest, outer surfaces of lower 3 or 4 ribs

Inferior angle of scapula

89
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Insertation

A

Bottom of intertubercular groove (humerus)

90
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Action

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm, downward rotation of the scapula

91
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
innervation

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Axial Anatomy (9 decks)

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