Lecture 2 Flashcards
Atypical cervical Vertebrae
Atlas - C1
Axis C2
Name for the C1
Atlas
Atlas
C1
Describe the Atlas
Holds up the head
Shaped like a ring
Has NO Body and Spinous process
Descrive the Articular process of the Atlas
The lateral masses
Occipital condayles
Connected by the anterior and posterior arch
What does the IAP articulate with?
The SAP of C2
Describe the Transverse process of the Atlas
contains the transverse foramen
What is the purpose of the transverse foramen
The vertebral artery runs through the TVF on its way to the brain for supply of blood brain
What makes the Atlas atypical
It has no body nor spinous process
What is the C2 known as ?
The Axis
The axis
C2
What is the function of. the Axis
Transmits the load of the head and the atlas to other cerbical vertebrae
Where does the body of the axis sit?
underneath the dens
Anotehr word for the dens
Odontiod process
Where does the Dens come from
embryonically the body of C1
Describe the postion of the dens
projects superioly from the body of c2
How does the dens articuale anteriorly?
Anterior arch
How does the dens articualte posteriorly
with the Transverse ligament
describe the Spinous process of the Axis
large and bifid
Describe the articular processes
They lie on an oblique plane
What does the SAP articulate with
IAP of the atlas
What does the IAP articulate with
the SAP of C3
What does the transverse process contain?
The transverse foramen
What are the typical cervical vertebrae?
C3-C7
Describe the body of the typical cervical vertebrae.
kidney shaped
small
Another name for Neural Canal
Vetebral foramen
Vertebral foramen
Neural canal
Describe the Vertebral foramen
Large and triangular
Describe the SP of the typical cervical vertebrae.
short
bifid
points posteriorly
Which of the typical cervical vertebrae are the exception to the SP description and why.
C7
- Vertebral Promenance (usually)
it is long
Describe the articular processes of the typical cervical vertebrae.
oblique
Increase in size from c3 to C7
Do the interverbral discs extend the full width of the body?
No
Describe the uncinate processes of the typical cervical vertebrae.
project superiorly
from superior surface of the vertebral body
Describe the Uncovertebral joint of the typical cervical vertebrae.
Synovial joints for stabilty
Describe the body of the Thoracic Vertebrae.
Medium
Heart shaped
Increase in sixe T1 to T12
Describe the Vertebral foramen of the Thoracic Vertebrae.
small and round
Describe the SP of the Thoracic Vertebrae.
long and slender
points inferiorly
Describe the atricular processes of the Thoracic Vertebrae.
Thin and triangular
coronolly orientated
What is the significance of the coronal orientation of the articular processes in the thoracic vertebrae?
The coronal orientation of the articular processes in the thoracic vertebrae facilitates lateral flexion and rotation movements.
How do the coronally oriented articular processes of T1 to T12 contribute to the range of motion in the thoracic spine?
The coronally oriented articular processes of T1 to T12 contribute to the thoracic spine’s range of motion by enabling side bending and some rotation.
Can you explain how the coronal alignment of the articular processes differs between the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?
The coronal alignment of the articular processes in the thoracic vertebrae differs from that in the lumbar vertebrae due to variations in spinal function and anatomy.
What anatomical features distinguish the coronal orientation of the articular processes in the thoracic region from those in other parts of the spine?
The coronal orientation of the articular processes in the thoracic region allows for specific movements crucial for posture and upper body mobility.
How does the coronal alignment of the articular processes affect the stability and flexibility of the thoracic spine?
The coronal alignment of the articular processes provides a balance between stability and flexibility in the thoracic spine, supporting various activities such as bending, twisting, and lifting.
What are the distinguishing features of the transverse processes in thoracic vertebrae?
large, long, and thickened end, as well as the presence of costotubercular facets in the upper 10 vertebrae (T1-T10) for rib articulation.
What is the significance of the presence of costotubercular facets on the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae (T1-T10)?
he presence of costotubercular facets on the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae (T1-T10) allows for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs, contributing to the stability and mobility of the thoracic cage.
Can you explain the biomechanical role of the transverse processes and their costotubercular facets in facilitating rib articulation in the thoracic region?
The biomechanical role of the transverse processes and their costotubercular facets in thoracic vertebrae involves providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments involved in rib movement and stabilization, as well as facilitating the transmission of forces between the spine and the ribs during various activities.
How does the superior oval facet of the lateral thoracic vertebral body contribute to rib articulation?
The superior oval facet of the lateral thoracic vertebral body facilitates articulation with the head of its corresponding rib, such as T8 with Rib #8.
Could you explain the significance of the inferior demi facet in the lateral thoracic vertebral body’s interaction with the rib cage?
The presence of the inferior demi facet allows the lateral thoracic vertebral body to articulate with the head of the rib below, for instance, T7 with Rib #8.
The articulation pattern of the lateral thoracic vertebral body differs from other spinal regions due to its specific interactions with the rib cage.
The articulation pattern of the lateral thoracic vertebral body differs from other spinal regions due to its specific interactions with the rib cage.
What biomechanical implications arise from the specific articulation points of the lateral thoracic vertebral body with the ribs?
The specific articulation points of the lateral thoracic vertebral body with the ribs have biomechanical implications for spinal stability, rib movement, and overall thoracic cage function.
What are the distinguishing characteristics of the vertebral body in typical lumbar vertebrae, and what role does it play in the spine?
largest and widest, with a kidney-shaped structure, making it suitable for weight-bearing functions in the spine.
How does the size and shape of the vertebral foramen in the lumbar region compare to those in the cervical and thoracic regions?
The vertebral foramen in the lumbar region is triangular and of medium size, smaller than that of cervical vertebrae but larger than thoracic vertebrae.
Can you describe the structure and orientation of the spinous process in typical lumbar vertebrae and its functional significance?
he spinous process in typical lumbar vertebrae is massive, rectangular, and posteriorly directed, with a thickened posterior edge, providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments involved in spinal stability and movement.
What is meant by the term “J hooks” in reference to the articular processes of lumbar vertebrae, and how do they contribute to spinal movement?
refers to the sagittally oriented articular processes in lumbar vertebrae, where the superior articular process turns medially and the inferior articular process turns laterally.
These processes facilitate flexion and extension movements while limiting rotation.
What are the features of the transverse processes in lumbar vertebrae, and what functions do they serve in the spine?
slender and lack foramina or facets.
They serve as attachment sites for muscles and ligaments involved in spinal stability and movement, contributing to the overall functionality of the spine.
Where are mamillary processes located in the spine, and what is their function?
on the posterior edge of the superior articular process in the spine, serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments involved in spinal stability and movement.
What is the significance of accessory processes in vertebrae, and where are they typically found?
Accessory processes are typically found on the posterior edge of the transverse vertebral processes and play a role in providing additional attachment sites for muscles, particularly the multifidus muscle.
Which muscle attaches to mamillary processes and accessory processes, contributing to spinal stability?
The multifidus muscle attaches to both mamillary processes and accessory processes, contributing to spinal stability and facilitating movements such as extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.
Describe the location of mamillary processes in relation to other vertebral structures.
Mamillary processes are positioned on the posterior aspect of the superior articular process,.
accessory processes are located on the posterior aspect of the transverse vertebral processes.
How do mamillary processes and accessory processes contribute to the overall function of the spine?
Mamillary processes and accessory processes provide anchorage points for muscles like the multifidus, enhancing spinal stability and supporting various movements of the spine, including bending, twisting, and maintaining posture.
Why is the spinal cord largest at the top?
The spinal cord is largest at the top because it contains additional information for both the upper and lower limbs.
What is the primary function of the spinal cord in the thoracic region?
The primary function of the spinal cord in the thoracic region is to transmit information primarily to the lower limbs.
Why is the spinal cord considered medium-sized in the lumbar region?
The spinal cord is considered medium-sized in the lumbar region due to the presence of the cauda equina, nerve roots, and rootlets.
What structures are contained within the lumbar region of the spinal cord?
The lumbar region of the spinal cord contains the cauda equina, nerve roots, and rootlets.
At what vertebral level is the L5 segment of the spinal cord located?
The L5 segment of the spinal cord is located at the level of T12.
