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BMSC > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endomembrane system consist of?

A

ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles

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2
Q

what are the 3 steps of membrane-bound transport for vesicles?

A
  1. bud from a donor membrane
  2. Movement via motor proteins on microtubules and microfilaments to the cytoskeleton
  3. fuse with the membrane of the acceptor compartment
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3
Q

What are the 3 pathways of the Endomembrane System?

A

Biosynthetic
Secretory
Endocytic

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4
Q

What is the Biosynthetic pathway?

A

Proteins made in ER, modified at Golgi complex, transported to various destinations

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5
Q

What is the Secretory pathway?

A

Proteins made in ER then discharged from cell

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6
Q

What is the Endocytic pathway?

A

materials move from outer surface of the cell to compartments (endosomes and lysosomes)

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7
Q

What are the 2 secretion modes?

A

Constitutive and regulated

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8
Q

What is constitutive secretion mode?

A

materials are transported in secretory vesicles and discharged in a continual manner

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9
Q

what is regulated secretion?

A

materials are stored in vesicles and discharged as a response to stimulus

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10
Q

what 3 cells does regulated secretion occur in?

A

Endocrine, pancreatic and nerve cells

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11
Q

Where are the secreted materials in regulated secretion stored in?

A

Secretory granules

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12
Q

how are secreted materials routed to the proper destination?

A

through sorting signals encoded in amino acid sequences

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13
Q

how does autoradiography work?

A

visualization of biochemical processes through radioactively labeling molecules

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14
Q

what does fluorescent proteins visualize?

A

production and movement of viral proteins

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15
Q

what does subcellular fractions visualize?

A

isolation of the smooth and rough ER to determine lipid and protein composition

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16
Q

what insights were gained from using Cell-Free systems?

A

the study of proteins that bind to the membrane to initiate vesicle formation

proteins responsible for transport material selection

proteins responsible for severing the vesicle from the donor membrane

17
Q

what insights where gained from mutant phenotypes?

A

reveals the proteins that function in secretion

18
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Network of membranes that penetrates much of the cytoplasm

separates Lumen from the Cytosol

19
Q

Contrast the Rough and Smooth ER

A

Rough: Ribosomes bound to surface, flattened sacs, continuous with the outer membrane

Smooth: Lacks ribosomes, membrane is highly curved, continuous with the Rough ER

20
Q

what are the functions of the Smooth ER?

A

Hormone synthesis in endocrine cells

detoxification of organic compounds in liver (cytochrome P450)

Calcium ion sequestration and regulated release

21
Q

what are the functions of the rough ER?

A

Near basal surface (facing blood supply)

starting point for pathway of secretory proteins

1/3 of protein synthesis

22
Q

what determines the site of protein synthesis?

A

the sequence of amino acids in the N-terminal portion

23
Q

where does the signal sequence of secretory proteins direct the polypeptide and ribosome to?

A

the ER membrane

24
Q

what does the polypeptide move through in the ER as it’s being synthesized?

A

the cisternal space which is lined with proteins

25
Q

where does co-translation translocation deposit the protein?

A

Into the ER Lumen

26
Q

what recognizes the signal sequences?

A

the signal recognition particles (SRP)

27
Q

What are the steps to produce secretory, lysosomal or vacuolar proteins?

A

Signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to polypeptide and ribosome to halt synthesis

complex is recruited to the ER membrane through the SRP & SRP receptor on ER membrane

Ribosome is handed of to a protein channel in the ER membrane (called a Translocon)

Polypeptide is then injected into the ER Lumen through the Translocon

BMSC (22 decks)

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