Lecture 14

Question 1

Define Genome

Answer 1

the collective
body of genetic
information that is present
in a species

Question 2

What was Mendel’s 4 conclusions?

Answer 2

1. Characteristics are governed by genes
2. reproductive cells (gamete) contain one allele for each trait (haploid)
3. allele pairs are separated during gamete formation
4. alleles undergo independent assortment

Question 3

what 3 things were examine during the discovery of chromosomes?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm split randomly
Nuclear contents split precisely
material of the nucleus was organized into visible threads

Question 4

Describe how genes on the same chromosome assort

Answer 4

They do not assort independently and are a linkage group

Question 5

when does crossing over and recombination occur?

Answer 5

during meiosis

Question 6

What is the building block of DNA? What makes up this block? what are the difference bases?

Answer 6

nucleotides - made of phosphate, sugar, pyrimidine or purine nitrogenous base

pyrimidine: thymine or cytosine
purine: adenine or guanine

Question 7

What are some features of nucleotides?

Answer 7

structure is directional (5’ -> 3’)
phosphates link the sugars of nucleotides together (phosphodiester bonds) 5’ phosphate -> 3’ sugar
A = T
G = C

Question 8

What are the 3 primary functions of DNA?

Answer 8

Store genetic information
capable of replication and inheritance
functionality of genetic message being expressed

Question 9

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

2 chains of nucleotides running in opposite directions (anti-parallel) forming a spiral
phosphate is exterior of chain while nitrogenous bases are interior
Chains help together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases
DNA helix completes 1 turn every 10 base pairings