Lecture 89: Pyschotherapy Flashcards
About how effective is psychotherapy? Most important contributing factor to success?
~75%; relationship b/t patient and therapist
What is psychotherapy?
Medical treatment directed to changing behavior and emotional responses through verbal means
Criteria for a system of psychotherapy
A comprehensive theory; Empirical support;
operationalized or technique-driven therapy based on theoretical principles; Empirical evidence for effectiveness
Use of psychotherapy?
Psychiatric symptoms; specific problems (relationship); general problems (self-esteem); augmenting treatment in non-psychiatric conditions
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic (description, 2 main points). Short or long-term?
Self-reflection/exploration taking place in the context of the patient-therapist relationship; exploration of the past and it’s effect on the present; long-term
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic is based on…
Frued’s theory of the mind (unconscious determining our behaviors, thoughts, feelings)
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic techniques (6)
Education about process; therapeutic alliance; transference; defense interpretation; free association; dreams
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic patients (5)
Specific issues/concerns, inquisitive about mind, ability to tolerate negative emotions, ability to delineate transference reactions from reality, complex mental disorders affecting functioning
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic goals (3)
Increase insight, enhance meaning, minimize vulnerability for recurrence of symptoms
How is psychodynamic therapy different? (what is focused on: 5 items + 1 more item)
Focus on emotions, how we avoid distress, the past, relationships, fantasy; identification of recurring themes
Behavioral and cognitive therapy talks about the links between what three things. Based on what theories?
Thought, emotion, behaviors; learning theory
Goal of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Structured or unstructured? Short or long-term?
To unlearn maladaptive and learn adaptive thinking/behavioral patterns; structured; short-term
In behavioral and cognitive therapy, the therapist assumes the roles of the…How else does this paradigm manifest?
Teacher; assigns homework
Types of behavioral and cognitive therapy (4)
CBT, dialectical behavioral therapy, other behavioral therapies: exposure therapy, token economies
Behavioral therapy has what active ingredient? Targets?
Specific exposures; specific conditioned response
Two methods of exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization vs flooding
Aversive conditioning (describe and example)
Patient exposed to unpleasant stimulus while engaging in targeted behavior; nail biting
What is a treatment for OCD? When does a patient have to use this treatment?
Exposure therapy with response-prevention; must be practiced AT HOME and during session
What is the goal of token economy? How does it do this?
Increase target behaviors; Reinforcing the good (not punishing the bad)
What would biofeedback work for?
Works physical/psychosomatic disorders by measuring physiological parameter measured in real-time
Describe CBT
Directed primarily at identifying and modifying distorted or maladaptive cognitions and associated emotional reactions and behavioral dysfunction
What is the best-studied behavioral and cognitive therapy?
CBT!
Basis for CBT: 2 levels of dysfunctional cognitions
- Automatic thoughts; 2. Cognitive schemas
Examples of maladaptive automatic thoughts (3)
All-or-none thinking, personalizing things, catastrophic thinking
Cognitive schemas can be…(2, examples of each)
Adaptive (no matter what happens, I can manage it); maladaptive (I must be perfect to be accepted)
CBT works particularly well for…
Depression (lots of negative bias) and anxiety
What’s an example for identifying/modifying thoughts/schemas
Thought recording, then attempts at reframing the thoughts, finally thought change recording plus
Describe DBT
Combines standard CBT techniques for emotion regulation and reality-testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindfulness derived from Buddhist meditative practice
Four core skills of DBT
Mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness
T/F: Group therapies are only found in CBT
False! Any therapy can be conducted in a group, including psychodynamic therapies
If a therapist was offering lots of praise/advice, this might be what kind of therapy?
Supportive psychotherapy
What brain region might be targeted by CBT in anxiety disorders?
Reduced activity in limbic and paralimbic regions
