Lecture 8.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are types of stored absorbed nutrients within the body, are they limited or unlimited and where are they stored?

A

Glycogen, limited and stored within the liver and skeletal muscle
Triglycerides, stored as fat, not limited

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2
Q

What are some types of absorbed nutrients that are used straight away?

A

Glucose, Fatty acids, Ketones

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3
Q

Describe the locations of the PVN, Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), Ventromedial hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus in relation to the 3rd ventricle

A

PVN, LHA, Ventromedial hypothalamus just under the LHA and arcuate nucleus at the bottom

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4
Q

What does a lesion of the lateral hypothalamus cause?

A

Underweight specimen

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5
Q

What does a lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus cause?

A

Overweight specimen

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of neurons within the Ventromedial hypothalamus and what do they produce/stimulate?

A

POMC neurons-alphaMSH-PVN, ANS, LHA

NPY/AgRP neurons- PVN, LHA

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7
Q

What receptors bind to alpha MSH?

A

MC 3 and 4

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8
Q

What type of receptors are the MC 3 and 4 receptors

A

GPCR

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9
Q

Describe the pathways that alpha MSH effects (3 pathways)

A

alphaMSH acts on PVN by acting on the anterior pituitary, this increases the release of ACTH and Thyrotropin, this leads to an increase in coritsol release thus regulating metabolic rate

alphaMSH also acts on the PVN to the ANS, this activates sympathetic neurons to increase activation of brown fat, thus increasing heat and increasing the rate of energy that is released

alphaMSH also inhibits feeding behaviours in the LHA

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10
Q

What do all the effects of alphaMSH produce?

A

A decrease in body weight

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11
Q

Describe the pathways that NPY/AgRP neurons take and what do they effect? (2 pathways)

A

These neurons project to PVN and decrease the secretion of hormones controlling ACTH

Also stimulates feeding behaviour in LHA

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12
Q

What do the effects of NPY/AgRP neurons produce?

A

An increase in body weight

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13
Q

What is Leptin and what does it do?

A

It is ahormond that signals a decrease in food intake

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14
Q

What does Leptin do to alphaMSH and NPY neurons?

A

Leptin stimulates alphaMSH to decrease food intake and inhibits NPY neurons

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15
Q

Why if Leptin is linear with fat, why are people fat?

A

People get fat due to a Leptin resistance in the body thus allowing for no trigger to say, that is enough

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16
Q

What is a long term regulatory system for weight?

A

Leptin

17
Q

What are some short term regulation systems for weight

A

Food intake triggers that trigger satiety

  • gastric distension
  • Insulin with an increase in glucose
18
Q

What are some factors that stimulate food intake?

A

A drop in blood glucose levels

19
Q

What is the neuronal pathway of the satisfaction we get from food?

A

It is from the dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area that signal the reward, and re-inforces the behaviour