Lecture 8: Thoracic Angiology

Question 1

What two arteries come from the Ascending Aorta?

Answer 1

Right and Left Coronary Arteries

Question 2

What is the blood supply to the conducting system of the heart?

Answer 2

Interventricular Arteries (mostly Anterior from Left Coronary Artery)

Question 3

What does the left coronary artery split into?

Answer 3

1. Circumflex Artery

2. Anterior Interventricular Artery

Question 4

What is a coronary artery bypass graft?

Answer 4

When a coronary artery is obstructed, it can be bypassed by a replacement. One end attached to aorta and the other end to the coronary artery below the blockage. Normally Great Saphenous Vein is used.

Question 5

What is a coronary angioplasty?

Answer 5

When there is minimal obstruction in a coronary artery, a small balloon catheter can be inserted and inflated. The balloon flattens the obstructing plaque against the wall, increasing the size of the lumen and improving blood flow.

Question 6

What are the branches of Internal Thoracic Artery?

Answer 6

Anterior Intercostal Artery
Pericardiacophrenic Artery
Musculophrenic Artery
Superior Epigastric Artery

Question 7

What makes Medial Mammary Arteries?

Answer 7

Perforating branches of Internal Thoracic Artery

Question 8

What makes Lateral Mammary Arteries?

Answer 8

Lateral Thoracic Artery from Axillary Artery

Lateral Cutaneous Artery from Posterior Intercostal Artery

Question 9

What are the three unpaired visceral branches?

Answer 9

Mediastinal Artery
Esophageal Artery
Pericardial Artery

Question 10

What do the Bronchial Arteries supply? What kind of arteries are these?

Answer 10

Bronchi

Paired Lateral visceral brancehes

Question 11

What arteries are paired segmental parietal branches?

Answer 11

Posterior Intercostal Artery (inferior side of the rib, part of the NV bundle)
Subcostal Artery (below 12th rib)

Question 12

What are the function of pulmonary arteries?

Answer 12

Carry de-oxygenated blood from right side of the heart to the lungs

Question 13

What is a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 13

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by an embolus (blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble), no gas exchange at affected part of the lung.
Embolus usually passes from vein –> right side of heart –> pulmonary artery.

Question 14

What does the Great Cardiac Vein travel with?

Answer 14

Anterior Interventricular Artery

Circumflex Artery

Question 15

What does the Small Cardiac Vein travel with?

Answer 15

Right Marginal Artery

Question 16

What does the Middle Cardiac Vein travel with?

Answer 16

Posterior Interventricular Artery

Question 17

Where do the Anterior Cardiac veins empty into?

Answer 17

Right atrium of the heart

Question 18

Where do the great and small cardiac veins empty into?

Answer 18

Coronary Sinus –> right atrium of the heart

Question 19

From where does the Azygous Vein receive blood?

Answer 19

Only right Posterior Intercostal Vein

Question 20

From where does the Accessory Hemiazygous Vein receive blood?

Answer 20

Upper left Posterior Intercostal Vein

Question 21

From where does the Hemiazygous Vein receive blood?

Answer 21

Lower left Posterior Intercostal Vein

Question 22

Where does the thoracic duct empty into?

Answer 22

Jugular system on left side

Question 23

What is the clinical significance of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 23

Drain fluid from breast tissue

Question 24

How do bronchial these bronchial vessels travel segmentally?
Bronchial and Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins

Answer 24

• Intrasegmental (travels within a bronchial segment)

- Intersegmental (they travel between bronchial segments)

Question 25

Where is the thymus?

Answer 25

Anterior Superior mediastinum (becomes fat as you grow older)