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(OMS1) CPR Exam 1 > Lecture 6: Thoracic Cardiology > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Thoracic Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle

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2
Q

What makes up the inferior mediastinum?

A

Anterior
Middle: where heart is
Posterior

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3
Q

What are the layers of the heart?

A 
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium (Epicardium)
Myocardium
Pericardial cavity
Endocardium
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4
Q

What is the function of endocardium?

A

Separates blood from muscle

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5
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Referred pain down left arm during an MI

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6
Q

What is the most important job of the fibrous skeleton?

A
  • Myocardium and cuspid valves attach here
  • hold openings for semilunar valves
  • Provides an electrically insulated barrier b/t the atria and ventricles so they do not contract at the same time
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7
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A

Before birth, this structure would shunt blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta to bypass non-functional lungs

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8
Q

What is ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Remnant of ductus arteriosus

  • stretched b/t pulmonary trunk and aorta
  • weak spot in structure and susceptible to aneurysms
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9
Q

What structure is susceptible to injury if there is aneurysm to the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Left Vagus N. and Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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10
Q

What are atrial septal defects?

A

Incomplete closure of foramen ovalis

-large holes can allow mixture of oxygen rich and poor blood

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11
Q

What are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve? What is their main general function?

A

Septal Cusp
Anterior Cusp
Posterior Cusp

Blocks back flow of blood by passively closing during contraction of cardiac muscle

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12
Q

What is the pathways of a cardiac catheter?

A 
IVC
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
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13
Q

What are the two cusps of the bicuspid valve?

A

Anterior cusp

Posterior cusp

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14
Q

What are the two pericardial sinus?

A

Oblique and Transverse

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15
Q

What is the significance of transverse pericardial sinuses?

A

Space allows surgeons to access area posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk to clamp tubes of bypass machine into larger vessels
-separate inflow and outflow (arterial and venous ends) of heart

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16
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of pericardium, which can produce friction when beating

17
Q

What is pericardial effusion?

A

Inflammation of pericardium can result in accumulation of fluid in pericardial sac, which can compress the heart

18
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Compression of heart

19
Q

What is pericardiocentesis?

A

Drainage of fluid from pericardial sac to relieve cardiac tamponade and heart can beat better

20
Q

Describe the direction of blood flow through the heart:

A

SVC and IVC > Right atrium > Tricuspid valve > Right ventricle > Pulmonary valve > Pulmonary a > lungs > Pulmonary vein > Left atrium > Bicuspid (mitral) valve > Left ventricle > Aortic valve > Ascending aorta > descending aorta

21
Q

General function of the right and left sides of the heart

A

Right: carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs
Left: pumps newly oxygenated blood to the body

22
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Blockage (embolus) of blood to myocardium usually due to blocked coronary arteries

23
Q

What is the Foramen Ovalis? How about Fossa Ovalis?

A

Foramen Ovalis: Another way to bring blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta bypassing the lungs in utero
Fossa Ovalis: name changed to this at birth

24
Q

What is the role of the right atrioventricular orifice?

A

Provides passage for blood from the right atrium to right ventricle

25
Q

What do you call the smooth and rough wall in the Right atrium?

Right ventricle?

Left ventricle?

A
  • Sinus venerum and pectinate muscle
  • Conus arteriosus and Trabecula carnae
  • Aortic vestibule and Trabecula Carnae
26
Q

What are ventricular septal defects?

A

Interventricular septum not closed properly due to parts being from different embryological origins
-causes mixing of oxygen rich and poor blood, usually worse than atrial septal defects

27
Q

What is the role of the aortic valve?

A

Blocks huge backflow from large aorta so that blood can enter the coronary arteries

28
Q

Describe the electrical mechanism of the heart

A

SA Node initiates AP > atrial contraction > AV node waits for the AP > fires and contract the ventricles with the help of the bundle branches

29
Q

What is the role of a pacemaker?

A

replaces a defective SA node by sending an AP directly to the ventricle so it contracts

30
Q

AFib vs. VFib. How would you usually treat these?

A

Fib = twitching instead of contracting. Resetting the electrical conduction by defibrillation of the heart

(OMS1) CPR Exam 1 (30 decks)

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