Lecture 1: Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology Flashcards
What is the thoracic diaphragm bound by?
Superior and Inferior Thoracic Apertures
The superior thoracic aperture allows communication between the ____ and ____.
Neck and thorax
The inferior thoracic aperture allows communication between the ____ and ____.
Abdomen and thorax
What is found in the pulmonary cavities?
Lungs
Pleurae
What is found in the mediastinum?
Heart Thoracic Great Vessels Trachea Thoracic Esophagus Thymus
What three bones make up the sternum?
Manubrium of the Sternum
Body of the Sternum
Xiphoid Process of the Sternum
What notch is found at the very top of the manubrium of the sternum?
Suprasternal Notch
What is the notch found on the superior and lateral part of the manubrium?
Clavicular notch
What is the area called between the manubrium and body of the sternum?
Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis)
What are the notches where costal cartilage attach called?
How many of them are there?
Costal Notches: 7 in total
What costal notches are found on the manubrium?
1st Costal Notch
Half of 2nd Costal Notch
What costal notches are found on the body of sternum?
Half of 2nd Costal Notch
3rd-6th Costal Notches
Half of 7th Costal Notch
What costal notches are found on the xiphoid process?
Half of 7th Costal Notch
On the anterior surface of the sternum, what is the space between costal notches called?
Transverse Ridges
What is another name for ribs 1-7?
Why are they called so?
True (Vertebrocostal) Ribs: Attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilage
What is another name for ribs 8-10?
Why are they called so?
False (Vertebrochondral) Ribs: Attach to sternum via Rib 7 costal cartilage
What is another name for ribs 11-12?
Why are they called so?
Floating (Vertebral) Ribs: Does not attach to sternum and does not have cartilage
What are the atypical ribs?
Ribs 1-2
Ribs 10-12
What are typical ribs?
Ribs 3-9
Where are ribs most frequently injured?
Anterior to costal angle
- can damage organs
- pain with respiration, coughing, laughing, and sneezing
A prominent feature on Rib 1 is the ______ tubercle.
Scalene tubercle
On Rib 1, there are two grooves separated by the scalene tubercle?
What are the grooves for?
Anterior: Subclavian Vein
Posterior: Subclavian Artery
A prominent feature on Rib 2 is the Tuberosity for the ______.
Tuberosity for the Serratus Anterior Muscle
What do ribs 10-12 lack compared to the rest of the ribs?
Only one articulating facet
No tubercle therefore no neck
Supernumerary ribs can potentially cause what complication?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?
Symphysis
What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?
Synchondrosis
What type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint?
Synchondrosis
What type of joint are the 2nd-7th sternocostal joints?
Planar Synovial Joint
What ligaments support the sternocostal joints?
Anterior and Posterior Radiate Sternocostal Ligaments
What type of joint is the costovertebral joint?
Planar Synovial Joint
What does the costovertebral joint connect?
Head of the rib with the vertebral body
What ligaments support the costovertebral joints?
Radiate Ligaments
Intraarticular Ligaments
With what thoracic vertebrates will Rib 4 articulate with?
Inferior Costal Facet of T3
Superior Costal Facet of T4
What does the costotransverse joint connect?
Tubercle of rib and transverse process of same vertebrate
What ligaments support the costotransverse joints?
Superior Costotransverse Ligament
Lateral Costotransverse Ligament
Where is the Superior Costotransverse Ligament found?
Transverse process one level about joint
What type of joint is the costotransverse joint?
Planar Synovial
Describe the bucket handle movement at the costovertebral joint.
Connects vertebra and sternum.
It is how the lateral part of the ribs move.
Describe the pump handle movement at the costovertebral joint.
It is how the anterior part of the rib and sternum move, helping with breathing
What type of joint is the costochondral joint?
Synchondrosis
Where do rib dislocations happen?
Happens at sternocostal joints
Where do rib separations happen?
Happens at costochondral joints
Describe interchondral joints.
Where costal cartilage of ribs 8 and 9 meet up with costal cartilage of rib 7
What type of joint is the interchondral joints at ribs 8 and 9?
Planar Synovial joint
What type of joint is the interchondral joints at rib 10?
Fibrous Joint
During inhalation, what intercostal muscles are used?
External intercostal muscles
During exhalation, what intercostal muscles are used?
Internal intercostal muscles
External intercostal muscles become more membranous when it goes which direction?
More anterior
Internal intercostal muscles become more membranous when it goes which direction?
More posterior
How do you distinguish between innermost and internal intercostal muscles?
Look for neurovascular bundle
What composes neurovascular bundle?
Posterior Intercostal Vein
Posterior Intercostal Artery
Intercostal Nerve
Where does the neurovascular bundle travel?
Inferior edge of rib above on costal groove
Where would you place your needle for a thoracentesis?
In middle of ribs to avoid neurovascular bundle
Where are transverse thoracic muscles found?
Posterior aspect of anterior thoracic wall
What is the function of the transverse thoracic muscles?
Depress ribs (helps w/ inhalation)
Where are subcostal muscles found?
Posterior thoracic wall
What nerve innervates the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerve
