Lecture 3: Thoracic Pulmonolgy Flashcards
What are the lobes that make up the right lung?
Superior Lobe
Middle Lobe
Inferior Lobe
What fissure(s) are found found in the right lung?
Horizontal Fissure
Oblique Fissure
What are the lobes that make up the left lung?
Superior Lobe
Inferior Lobe
What fissure(s) are found found in the left lung?
Oblique Fissure
In the hilum, the opening with the thickest wall structure is what?
Main bronchus
What borders are found on the lungs?
What are the surfaces of the lungs
What counts as the base of the lung?
Posterior Border: tall/columnar
Anterior Border: floppy
Inferior Border
Mediastinal surface (has the hilum)
Costal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Diaphragmatic surface + inferior border
What are some unique features found on the left lung?
Cardiac Notch
Lingula
What is pleura?
What is the role of surfactant?
Serous membrane that lungs stick to
Keeps lungs inflated
Should the pleural cavity be a real space?
NO! If the cavity exists between the pleura and the lung there is something wrong (as in a collapsed lung)
What are the different types of parietal pleura?
1) Cervical Pleura
2) Costal Pleura
3) Diaphragmatic Pleura
4) Mediastinal Pleura
*lines thoracic wall
Where is visceral pleura found?
On the lungs (very shiny)
What is pleuritis?pleurisy?
Inflamed pleura that can cause friction/roughness, leading to more serious issues (difficulty breathing)
What is a pneumothorax?
Hydrothorax? Hemothorax?
Rupture in thoracic wall and parietal pleura allows air to into pleural cavity, collapsing the lung
Hydrothorax: fluid enters the cavity
Hemothorax: blood enters the cavity
What are lines of pleural reflection?
Where pleura changes its name (not too imp)
How does air reach the lungs?
1) Larynx
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles
5) Alveolar Duct
What are the classifications of bronchi?
1) Main Bronchi
2) Lobar Bronchi (2 in left lung, 3 in right lung)
3) Segmental Bronchi
What are the classifications of bronchioles? What can occur in the respiratory bronchiole?
1) Conducting Bronchiole
2) Terminal Bronchiole
3) Respiratory Bronchiole (gas exchange, main site is the alveolar duct)
What is the physiology behind asthmas?
- Smooth muscles tighten
- Smooth muscles walls are thickened and inflamed –> airway is swollen during asthma attack
In the right lung, what are the bronchopulmonary segments of the superior lobe?
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
In the right lung, what are the bronchopulmonary segments of the middle lobe?
Lateral
Medial
In the right lung, what are the bronchopulmonary segments of the inferior lobe?
Superior
All basal segments
In the left lung, what are the bronchopulmonary segments of the superior lobe?
Apical Posterior Anterior Lateral Medial
In the left lung, what are the bronchopulmonary segments of the inferior lobe?
Superior
All basal segments
What are the recesses of the thorax and what borders slide in each when breathing hard?
Costomediastinal recess - Anterior border
Costodiaphragmatic recess - Inferior border
Which cells can lung cancer originate from? What structures can lung cancer affect?
Tissues of lung or bronchial tissue
Vagus N., Phrenic N. and L Recurrent Laryngeal N. (lose voice)
Pneumonectomy
Loboctomy
Segmentectomy
Tx for lung cancer
- remove a lung
- remove a lobe of the lung
- remove a segment of a lobe
What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles?
Bronchioles split from bronchi
Bronchi has cartilage and bronchioles don’t
What is a bronchoscopy?
bronchoscope inserted in trachea to visualize bronchi
